The paper develops a methodological approach to the sizing of man-machine systems which is predicated upon the efficiency of conversion of available system energy into useful goal directed work. Systems are generically categorized into two classes as a function of their energy replacement characteristics. Four classes of energy conversion efficiency degradations are delineated which can adversely affect system capability, reliability, and cost. The effects of alterations in operator performance characteristics upon system design are detailed in terms of engineering changes, and suggestions are advanced as to the nature of the future research necessary to obtain maximum cost effectiveness in future systems.
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