Flight By Periscope: Making Takeoffs and Landings;The Influence of Image Magnification,Practice,and Various Conditions of Flight 1

Abstract

The proficiency with which pilots can make takeoffs and landings using a periscope as the only source of outside visibility was studied under various conditions of flight. A detailed determination was made of the effects of variations in image magnification upon landing accuracy. Speed of transition to flight by periscope was related to flight experience. Effects of various weather, runway surface, and ambient lighting conditions upon flight by periscope were investigated.