Use of Color on Pharmaceutical Labels and Packaging

Food and Drug Administration. Use of color on pharmaceutical product labels, labeling, and packaging; Public hearing. Fed Reg. 2005; 70(22): 5687–5689.

Institute for Safe Medication Practice. A spectrum of problems with using color. ISMP Medication Safety Alert! November 13, 2003. Available at: www.ismp.org/msaarticles/spectrumprint.htm. Accessed on February 8, 2005.

Cohen M.R. ISMP medication error report analysis – Unit-dose capsules for inhalation – An example of how color-coding can contribute to medication errors – Is an antithyroid or antimetabolite needed? Preventing confusion between propylthiouracil and Purinethol. Hosp Pharm. 2003; 38(10): 904–906.

Mantyjarvi M. , Tuppurainen K. Changes of color-vision in ocular hypertension. Int Ophthalmol. 1994; 18(6): 345–349.

Bayer A. , Thiel H.J. , Zrenner E. , Paulus W. , Ried S. , Schmidt D. Disorder of color perception and increased glare sensitivity in phenytoin and carbamazepine therapy — ocular side-effects of anticonvulsants. Nervenarzt. 1995; 66(2): 89–96.

Fraunfelder F.T. , Laties A.M. Visual side effects possibly associated with Viagra. J Toxicol Cutaneous Ocul Toxicol. 2000; 19(1): 21–25.

Buttner T. , Muller T. , Kuhn W. Effects of apomorphine on visual functions in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm. 2000; 107(1): 87–94.

Okabe M. , Ito K. How to make figures and presentations that are friendly to color blind people. J*Fly. November 20, 2002. Available at: http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/html/color_blind/. Accessed on February 8, 2005.

Karagol-Ayan B. Color vision confusion. Universal Usability in Practice. April 2001. Available at: www.otal.umd.edu/uupractice/color/. Accessed on February 8, 2005.