Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Objectives:

First aid programmes should include not only the transfer of knowledge and skills but also improve participants’ helping attitudes. The aim of this study was to evalute the immediate and long-term effects of a 3-day first aid programme for kindergarten children.

Methods:

One hundred and eighteen kindergarten children (5–7 years old) from an inner-city kindergarten located in Pécs, Hungary, were involved in this study between January 2016 and June 2017. Training consisted of three 45-minute sessions involving the transfer of theoretical knowledge and practical skills about first aid. Knowledge, skills and attitudes were assessed by means of a questionnaire developed for the study and through observation. Participants were tested before and immediately after the programme and at 4 and 15 months.

Results:

The majority of children had no prior knowledge in first aid. Knowledge and skills significantly improved immediately after training and remained significantly higher at 4 and 15 months when compared to baseline – calling the ambulance (p < 0.01), performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; p < .01), using an automated external defibrillator (AED; p < .01), handling an unconscious patient (p < .01) and managing bleeding (p < .01). Attitudes towards first aid improved significantly after the programme (p < .01) and remained improved after 4 and 15 months when compared to baseline (p < .01).

Conclusion:

Beginning first aid education in kindergarten can be useful. Children cannot become professional bystanders immediately following training, but the programme can offer an introduction of first aid. However, the results decreased substantially after 15 months so regular refreshing training should be recommended.

Keywords

Education first aid helping attitudes Hungary kindergarten children resuscitation training

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bánfai

Deutsch

Pék

et al . (2015) Accident prevention and first aid knowledge among preschool children’s parents. KONTAKT 17(1): 42–47.

Bánfai

Pék

Pandur

et al . (2017) ‘The year of first aid’: Effectiveness of a 3-day first aid programme for 7-14-year-old primary school children. Emergency Medicine Journal 34(8): 526–532.

Bollig

Myklebust

Østringen

(2011) Effects of first aid training in the kindergarten – A pilot study. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Care 19: 13.

Bollig

Wahl

Svendsen

(2009) Primary school children are able to perform basic life-saving first aid measures. Resuscitation 80(6): 689–692.

Böttiger

Van Aken

(2015) Kids save lives – Training school children in cardiopulmonary resuscitation worldwide is now endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Resuscitation 94: A5–A7.

Cave

Aufderheide

Beeson

et al . (2011) Importance and implementation of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation in schools: A science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 123(6): 691–706.

De Buck

Van Remoortel

Dieltjens

et al . (2015) Evidence-based educational pathway for the integration of first aid training in school curricula. Resuscitation 94: 8–22.

Fleischhackl

Nuernberger

Sterz

et al . (2009) School children sufficiently apply life supporting first aid: A prospective investigation. Critical Care 13: R127.

Governmental decree, 110/2012 (VI. 4.) about the issuing, introduction and application of National School Curricula [110/2012 (VI. 4.) Korm. rendelet a Nemzeti Alaptanterv kiadásáról, bevezetéséről és alkalmazásáról]. Available at: https://ofi.hu/sites/default/files/attachments/mk_nat_20121.pdf (accessed 4 June 2012).

10.

Gräsner

Bossaert

(2013) Epidemiology and management of cardiac arrest: What registries are revealing. Best Practice and Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 27(3): 293–306.

11.

Hart

Flores-Medrano

Brooks

et al . (2013) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automatic external defibrillator training in schools: ‘Is anyone learning how to save a life?’ Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine 15(5): 270–278.

12.

Hawks

Peck

Vail-Smith

(1992) An educational test of health behavior models in relation to emergency helping. Health Psychology 11(6): 396–402.

13.

Oliver

Cooper

McKinney

(2014) Can first aid training encourage individuals’ propensity to act an emergency situation? A pilot study. Emergency Medicine Journal 31(6): 518–520.

14.

Perkins

Handley

Koster

et al . (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 2. Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. Resuscitation 95: 81–99.

15.

Plant

Taylor

(2013) How best to teach CPR to schoolchildren: A systematic review. Resuscitation 84(4): 415–421.

16.

Semeraro

Scapigliati

De Marco

et al . (2017) ‘Kids Save Lives’ campaign in Italy: A picture from nationwide survey on the web. Resuscitation 111: e5–e6.

17.

Semeraro

Wingen

Scapigliati

et al . (2016) Kids Save Lives implementation in Europe: A survey through the ERC Research NET. Resuscitation 107: e7–e9.

18.

Uray

Lunzer

Ochsenhofer

et al . (2003) Feasibility of life-supporting first-aid (LSFA) training as mandatory subject in primary schools. Resuscitation 59(2): 211–220.

19.

Wilks

Pendergast

(2017) Skills for life: First aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in schools. Health Education Journal 76(8): 1009–1023.

20.

Wissenberg

Lippert

Folke

et al . (2013) Association of national initiatives to improve cardiac arrest management with rates of bystander intervention and patient survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA 310(13): 1377–1384.

21.

Yeung

Kovic

Vidacic

et al . (2017) The school Lifesaver study – A randomised controlled trial comparing the impact of Lifesaver only, face-to-face training only, and Lifesaver with face-to-face training on CPR knowledge, skills and attitudes in UK school children. Resuscitation 120: 138–145.

22.

Zideman

De Buck

EDJ

Singletry

et al . (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 9. First aid. Resuscitation 95: 278–287.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.45 MB