Objective To assess whether reduced health risks resulting from the Coronary Health Improvement Project (CHIP) persist through 18 months.
Methods The CHIP is a four-week health education course designed to help individuals reduce cardiovascular risk by improving nutrition and physical activity behaviours. Analyses were based on 211 CHIP enrollees, aged 24—81 years from Rockford, IL.
Results Improvements in BMI, SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides and glucose continued through 18 months for those who started the programme with higher risk status at baseline.
Conclusion The CHIP is an intensive lifestyle change programme that lowers cardiovascular risks through 18 months.
Roberts CK, Barnard RJEffects of exercise and diet on chronic disease. J Appl Physiol , 2005: 98(1): 3-30.
2.
Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E., et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med , 1997: 336(16): 1117-24.
3.
Appel LJ, Champagne CM, Harsha DW, et al. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: Main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. JAMA , 2003: 289(16): 2083-93.
4.
Appel LJ, Sacks FM, Carey VJ, et al. Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: Results of the OmniHeart randomized trial . JAMA, 2005: 294(19): 2455-64.
5.
Howard BV, Van Horn L., Hsia J., et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial . JAMA, 2006: 295(6): 655-66.
6.
Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E., Fowler SE, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med, 2002 : 346(6): 393-403.
7.
de Lorgeril M. , Salen P., Martin JL, et al. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: Final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation, 1999: 99(6): 779-85.
8.
Clark GNImproving the transition from basic efficacy research to effectiveness studies: Methodological issues and procedures. J Consult Clin Psychol , 1995: 63: 718-25.
9.
Glasgow RE, Lichtenstein E., Marcus ACWhy don't we see more translation of health promotion research to practice? Rethinking the efficacy-to-effectiveness transition. Am J Public Health, 2003: 93(8): 1261-7.
10.
Committee on Quality Health Care in America.Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001.
11.
Englert HS, Diehl HA, Greenlaw RL. Rationale and design of the Rockford CHIP, a community-based coronary risk reduction program: Results of a pilot phase. Prev Med, 2004: 38(4): 432-41.
12.
Diehl HACoronary risk reduction through intensive community-based lifestyle intervention: The Coronary Health Improvement Project (CHIP) experience. Am J Cardiol, 1998: 82(10B): 83T-87T.
13.
Aldana SG, Greenlaw R., Diehl HA, et al. Impact of the Coronary Health Improvement Project (CHIP) on several employee populations. J Occup Environ Med, 2002: 44: 831-9.
14.
Aldana SG, Greenlaw RL, Diehl HA, et al. The effects of a worksite chronic disease prevention program . J Occup Environ Med, 2005: 47(6): 558-64.
15.
Aldana SG, Greenlaw RL, Diehl HA, et al. Effects of an intensive diet and physical activity modification program on the health risks of adults. J Am Diet Assoc, 2005: 105(3): 371-81.
16.
Aldana SG, Greenlaw RL, Salberg A., et al. The behavioral and clinical effects of therapeutic lifestyle change on middle-aged adults. Prev Chronic Dis, 2006: 3(1): A05.
17.
Aldana SG, Greenlaw RL, Diehl HA, et al. A video-based lifestyle intervention and changes in coronary risk. Health Educ Res, 2008: 23(1): 115-24.
18.
Armitage CJ , Conner M.Social cognition models and health behaviour: A structured review. Psychol Health, 2000: 15: 173-89.
19.
Green LW, Kreuter NWHealth Promotion Planning: An Educational and Ecological Approach. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1999 .
20.
McKenzie JF, Smeltzer JLPlanning, Implementing, and Evaluating Health Promotion Programs: A Primer . Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon , 2001.
21.
Sinha R., Block G., Taylor PRDeterminants of plasma ascorbic acid in a healthy male population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 1992: 1: 297-302.
22.
Sinha R., Patterson BH, Mangels AR, et al. Determinants of plasma vitamin E in healthy males. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 1993: 2: 473-9.
23.
Friewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DSEstimation of concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative centrifuge. Clin Chem, 1972: 18: 499-502.
24.
Iyriboz Y., Hearon CMBlood pressure measurement at rest and during exercise: Controversies, guidelines, and procedures. J Cardiac Rehab, 1992: 12: 227-87.
25.
Fienberg, SEThe Analysis of Cross-classified Data (p. 9). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977.
26.
Everitt BS, Dunn G.Applied Multivariate Data Analysis (pp. 219-20). London: Edward Arnold, 1991.
27.
Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S.Applied Logistic Regression (2nd edn). New York: John Wiley &Sons, 2000.
28.
Kuller LH, Kinzel LS, Pettee KK, et al. Lifestyle intervention and coronary heart disease risk factor changes over 18 months in postmenopausal women: The Women On the Move through Activity and Nutrition (WOMAN study) clinical trial. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 2006: 15(8): 962-74.
29.
Gower BA, Weinsier RL, Jordan JM, et al. Effects of weight loss on changes in insulin sensitivity and lipid concentrations in premenopausal African American and white women. Am J Clin Nutr, 2002: 76(5): 923-7.
30.
Kim SH, Lee SJ, Kang ES, et al. Effects of lifestyle modification on metabolic parameters and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism, 2006: 55(8): 1053-9.
31.
Villareal DT , Miller BV III, Banks M., et al. Effect of lifestyle intervention on metabolic coronary heart disease risk factors in obese older adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 2006: 84(6): 1317-23.
32.
Scalco MZ, van Reekum R.Prevention of Alzheimer disease: Encouraging evidence. Can Fam Physician, 2006: 52: 200-7.
33.
Jansson ETAlzheimer disease is substantially preventable in the United States: Review of risk factors, therapy, and the prospects for an expert software system . Med Hypotheses, 2005: 64(5): 960-7.
