West African mass communication research at major turning point

Ainslie, Rosalynde (1967). The Press in Africa: Communications Past and Present (New York: Walker and Company ).

Akinfeleye, Ralph A. (1982). Essentials of Modern African Journalism: A Premier . (Lagos: Miral Printing Press ), pp. 1-44.

Akiwowo, Akinsola (1976). 'The Role of Social Scientists in Africa: Further Reflections,' International Social Science Journal 28:198-201.

Almond, Gabriel A. and James S. Coleman , eds. (1970). The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton: Princeton University Press).

Aloba, Abiodun (1959-60a). 'Journalism in Africa: I, Nigeria, Gazette 5 (2):245-248.

Aloba, Abiodun (1959-60b). 'Journalism in Africa: II, Tabloid Revolution ,' Gazette 5 (3):409-412.

Aloba, Abiodun (1959-60c). 'Journalism in Africa: III. Yesterday and Today,' Gazette 5 (4):317-321.

Anokwo, Kwado (1977). 'Mass Media Usage and National Political Integration in Ghana: 1969-1970,' Unpublished master's thesis, University Wisconsin.

Ascroft, Joseph R. , Niela Roling , Graham B. Kerr , and Gerald S. Hursh (1969). Patterns of Diffusion in Rural Eastern Nigeria. Diffusion of Innovations Research Report, No. 11 (East Lansing: Michigan State University , Department of Communication).

Azikiwe, Nnamdi (1945). 'Journalism in West Africa, West African Pilot , Lagos, May 18-June 13.

Azikiwe, Nnamdi (1946). Suppression of the in British West Africa (Onitsha: African Book Company).

Barton, Frank (1966). The Press in Africa (Nairobi : East African Publishing House).

Bauer, Raymond A. (1973). 'The Audience,' in Ithiel de Sola Pool, Frederick W. Frey , Wilbur Schramm , Nathan Maccoby , and Edwin B. Parker , eds. Handbook of Communication (Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Company), 141-152.

Beltran S. , Luis R. (April 1976). 'Alien Premises, Objects, and Methods in Latin American Communication Research,' Communication Research 3:107-134.

Berelson, Bernard (1968). 'The State of Communication Research,' in Lewis Dexter and David M. White , eds., People, Society, and Mass Communication (New York: The Free Press), 501-509.

Bishop, Robert L. (Winter 1970). 'How Reuters and AFP Coverage of Independent Africa Compares,' Journalism Quarterly 47:734-735.

Brown, Marion R. (Winter 1970). 'Communication and Agricultural Development: A Field Experiment,' Journalism Quarterly 47:734-735.

Bunge, Walter (August 1969). 'Some Aspects of Press Law in Africa,' Paper presented at the Association for Education in Journalism convention, Berkeley, California.

Carter, Gwendolen , (ed.) (1962). African One-Party States (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).

Chick, John D. (1966-7). 'The White Press: A Study of the Role of Foreign-owned Newspapers in Ghana, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone, 1964-65.' Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Manchester, England.

Coker, Increase (1952). Seventy Years of the Nigerian Press ( Lagos: The Times Press).

Coleman, James S. (1958). Nigeria: Background to Nationalism ( Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press).

Committee on Inter-African Relations (1960 ). Report on the Press in West Africa ( Ibadan : Department of Extra-Mural Studies, University of Ibadan).

Doob, Leonard W. (1961). Communication in Africa: A Search for Boundaries (New Haven: Yale University Press ).

Douglass, Edward F. (1971). 'The Role of the Mass Media in National Development: A Reformulation With Particular Reference to Sierra Leone.' Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign .

Edeani, David O. (1970). 'Ownership and Control of the Press in Africa ,' Gazette 16 (2):55-66.

Edeani, David O. (1971). 'The Impact of Government Participation on the African Press.' Unpublished master's thesis, University of Wisconsin.

Edeani, David O. (August 1977). 'Interdependent Relationships of Communication and National Development Factors as Determinants of Press Freedom.' Paper presented at the Association for Education in Journalism convention, Madison, Wisconsin.

Edeani, David O. (May 1979). 'Communication and Other Critical Predictors of Orientation to Change: A Multivariate Analysis.' Paper presented at the International Communication Association convention , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Edeani, David O. (September 1980). 'Priority Position of Communication in the African Development Process,' African Studies Review 23:63-79.

Edeani, David O. (1985). 'Press Ownership and Control in Nigeria,' in Frank O. Ugboajah , (ed.), Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa. (London : Hans Zell publishers), pp. 44-62.

Edeani, David O. (June 1986). 'Compelling Impacts of the Telephone, Literacy and Other Related Factors on the Development of Mass Communication Media,' Atrica Media Review I:20-34.

Egbon, Mike (Summer 1983). 'Western Nigeria Television Service - Oldest in Tropical Africa,' Journalism Quarterly 60:329-334.

Ekwelie, Sylvanus A. (1968). 'The Content of Broadcasting in Nigeria.' Unpublished master's thesis, University of Wisconsin.

Ekwelie, Sylvanus A. (1971). 'The Press in Gold Coast Nationalism, 1890-1957 .' Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin .

Ekwelie, Sylvanus A. (Spring 1986). 'The Nigerian Press Under Civilian Rule ,' Journalism Quarterly 63:98-105, 149.

Elias, T.O. , (ed.) (1969). Nigerian Press Law (Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable Ltd.).

Elias, T.O. (1971). 'The Contribution of Telecommunications and Direct Satellite Broadcasting to Technical Assistance and Nation-Building in the "New" Countries: An African Viewpoint,' in Edward McWhitney , ed., The International Law of Communications (New York: Ocean Press).

Etukudo, Nelson , (ed.) (1986). Issues and Problems in Mass Communications (Calabar: Development Digest Limited).

Ezera, Kalu (1964). Constitutional Developments in Nigeria (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Fagen, Richard R. (Winter 1964). 'Relation of Communication Growth to National Political Systems in the Less Developed Countries,' Journalism Quarterly 41:87-94.

Farace, R. Vincent (Summer 1966a). 'A Study of Mass Communication and National Development,' Journalism Quarterly 43:305-313.

Farace, R. Vincent (Winter 1966b). 'Identifying Regional "Systems" in National Development Research,' Journalism Quarterly 43:753-760.

Farace, Vincent and Lewis Donohew (Spring 1965). 'Mass Communication in National Social Systems: A Study of 43 Variables in 115 Countries,' Journalism Quarterly 42:253-261.

Finison, Lorenz J. (February 1976). 'The Application of McClelland's National Development Model to Recent Data,' The Journal of Social Psychology 98:55-59.

Ford, Eric (April 1957). 'Research in British Colonial Africa: Good Progress Reported in Many Fields of Study,' African World , p. 10.

Franck, Thomas M. (1968). Comparative Constitutional Process Cases and Materials (New York: Frederick A. Praeger ).

Fyfe, Christopher H. (June 1957). 'Sierra Leone Press in the Nineteenth Century ,' Sierra Leone Studies, 228-236.

Gallup, George H. (Winter 1976-1977). 'Human Needs and Satisfactions: A Global Survey,' Public Opinion Quarterly 40:459-467.

Gerbner, George and George Marvanyi (Winter 1977). 'The Many Worlds of the World's Press,' Journal of Communication 27:52-66.

Golding, Peter (Summer 1974). 'Media Role in National Development: Critique of a Theoretical Orthodoxy,' Journal of Communication 24: 39-53.

Gras, Jacqueline (1963). Situation de la Presse dans les Etats de l'Union Africaine et Malgache, en Guinea, au Mali, au Togo (Paris : La Documentation Française).

Grunig, James E. (July 1971). 'Communication and the Economic Decision-Making Processes of Colombian Peasants,' Economic Development and Cultural Change 19:580-597.

Gutkind, Peter C.W. (Spring 1977). 'The Western Academic Abroad: An African Response,' Issue 7:8-13.

Hachten, William A. 'The Press in a One-Party State: The Ivory Coast Under Houghouet,' Journalism Quarterly 44:107-114.

Hachten, William A. (1968). 'The Training of African Journalists,' Gazette 14(2):101-110.

Hachten, William A. (1971a). Muffled Drums: The News Media in Africa (Ames: The Iowa State University Press).

Hachten, William A. (1971b). Mass Communication in Africa: An Annotated Bibliography (Madison: Center for International Communication Studies, The University of Wisconsin ).

Hachten, William A. and Brian Beil (Autumn 1985). 'Bas News or No News? Covering Africa, 1965-1982,' Journalism Quarterly 62:626-630.

Hailey, Lord William M. (1957). An African Survey, Revised Edition ( London: Oxford University Press).

Hayward, Fred M. (June 1976). 'A Reassessment of Conventional Wisdom About the Informed Public: National Political Information in Ghana,' The American Political Science Review 70:433-451.

Head, Sydney W. , (ed.) (1974a). Broadcasting in Africa: A Continental Survey of Radio and Television (Philadelphia: Temple University Press).

Head, Sydney W. and Lois Beck (1974b). The Bibliography of African Broadcasting: An Annotated Guide (Philadelphia: School of Communications and Theater, Temple University ).

Head, Sydney W. (1977). 'Trends in Tropical African Societies,' in George Gerbner , (ed.), Mass Media Policies in Changing Cultures (New York: John Wiley & Sons), 83-103.

Head, Sydney W. (September 1979). 'British Colonial Broadcasting Policies: The Case of the Gold Coast,' The African Studies Review 22:39-47.

Huth, Arno G. (1961). Communication Media in Tropical Africa (Washington: International Cooperation Administration ).

Igbinedion, Joseph (1985). 'Audience Attitudes Towards Films on Nigerian Television,' in Onuora E. Nwuneli , (ed.), Mass Communication in Nigeria: A Book of Reading ( Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishers), pp. 104-119.

Ikoli, Ernest (June 1950). 'The Nigerian Press,' West African Review, p. 625.

Inkeles, Alex (September 1969). 'Making Men Modern: On the Causes and Consequences of Individual Change in Six Developing Countries,' A merican Journal of Sociology 75:208-225.

Inkeles, Alex and David H. Smith (1974). Becoming Modern: Individual Change in Six Developing Countries (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974).

Jones-Quartey, K.A.B. (February 1957). 'The Press and Nationalism in Ghana,' United Asia 2:55-60.

Jose, Alhaji E. (July 1975. 'Press Freedom in Africa,' African Affairs 74: 255-262.

Kerr, Graham B. (1970). 'Leadership and Communication in the Collective Adoption Process of Development Associations in Eastern Nigeria.' Unpublished dissertation, Michigan State University, 1970.

Kitchen, Helen (1956). The Press in Africa (Washington, D.C.: Ruth Sloan Association).

Klapper, Joseph T. (1960). The Effects of Mass Communication. Glencoe: The Free Press of Glencoe).

Kohn, Hans and Wallace Sokolsky (1965). A frican Nationalism in the Twentieth Century (Princeton: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.).

Ladele, O. , Adefela, V.O. , and Lasekan, O. (1979). History of the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation (Ibadan: Ibadan University Press ).

Lawrence, Robert de T. (1965). 'A Guide to the Production of Low-Cost Community Papers in Developing Countries,' Rural Mimeo Newspapers ( Paris: UNESCO). Reports and Papers on Mass Communication, No. 46.

Leeming, O. (January/February 1968). 'Senegal: Adult Education Experiment ,' New Africa, 12-13.

Legum, Colin (March 1957). 'The Press in West Africa,' IPI Reports 5:1-3.

Lerner, Daniel (1958). The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East (New York: The Free Press).

Lowenstein, Ralph L. (1967). 'Measuring World Press Freedom as a political Indicator,' Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri.

Lugard, Frederick D. (1929). The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa (Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons Ltd.).

Mackay, Ian K. (1964). Broadcasting in Nigeria (Ibadan : Ibadan University Press).

Marathey, Ram and Michael Bourgeois (1965). 'Training for Rural Broadcasting in Africa,' in Radio Broadcasting Serves Rural Development (Paris: UNESCO). Reports and Papers on Mass Communication 48:31-51.

Matheson, Hilda (January 1935). 'Broadcasting in Africa,' Journal of the African Society 34:387-390.

McClelland, David C. (1961). The Achieving Society (New York: The Free Press).

McCombs, Maxwell E. (1972). 'Mass Communication in Political Campaigns: Information, Gratification, and Persuasion,' in F. Gerald Kline and Phillip J. Tichenor , eds., Current Perspectives in Mass Communication Research ( Beverly Hills: Sage Publications), 169-194.

Merrill, John C. , Carter R. Bryan , and Marvin Alisky (1975). The Foreign Press: A Survey of the World's Journalism (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press).

Mgbejume, Onyero (1985). The Techniques of Dramatic TV-Film Script Writing (Jos: Institute of Mass Communication Technology).

Nam Sunwoo and Inhwan Oh. (Winter 1973). 'Press Freedom: Function of System Autonomy, Antithesis of Development,' Journalism Quarterly 50:744-750.

Nixon, Raymond E. (Winter 1965). 'Freedom in the World's Press: A Fresh Appraisal with New Data,' Journalism Quarterly 42:3-14, 118.

Nord, Bruce A. (Autumn 1966). 'Press Freedom and Political Structure ,' Journalism Quarterly 43:531-534.

Nwosu, Ikechukwu E. (1985). 'The Role of Research in Information Flow Controversy ,' in Onuora E. Nwuneli , ed., Mass Communication in Nigeria: A Book of Reading ( Enugu : Fourth Dimension Publishers), 62-72.

Nwosu, Ikechukwu E. (Fall 1984). 'Professionalism Among Nigeria Media Practitioners: Toward Realistic Paradigm,' African Communication Review 1&2:47-62.

Nwuneli, Onuora E. (1979). 'Movie-Going Habits of Lagosians,' in Alfred E. Opubor and Onuora E. Nwuneli , (eds.), The Development and Growth of the Film Industry in Nigeria (Lagos: Third Press International), 11-13.

Nwuneli, Onuora E. (Fall 1984). 'Media Use and Leisure Among the Urban Poor in Nigeria,' African Communication Review 1&2:81-86.

Nwuneli, Onuora E. , (ed.) (1985a). Mass Communication in Nigeria: A Book of Reading (Enugu : Fourth Dimension Publishers).

Nzekwu, Onuora and Nwabu Mgbemena (1985). 'Africa and the New World Information Order: Nigerian Perspective,' in Onuora E. Nwuneli , ed., Mass Communication in Nigeria: A Book of Reading ( Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishers), 50-61.

Obeng-Quaidoo, Isaac (1985). 'Media Habits of Ghanaian Youths,' in Frank O. Ugboajah , (ed.), Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa (London: Hans Zell Publishers), 237-249.

O'Brien, Rita C. (1985). 'Broadcast Professionalism in Senegal,' in Frank O. Ugboajah , (ed.), Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa (London : Hans Zell Publishers), 187-200.

Okonkwor, R. Chude (Spring 1983). 'Nigeria's Sedition Laws - Their Effect on Free Speech,' Journalism Quarterly 60:54-60.

Omu, Fred O.A. (1978). Press and Politics in Nigeria, 1880-1937 (Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press).

Omu, Fred O.A. (1968). 'The Dilemma of Press Freedom in Colonial Africa: The West African Example,' Journal of African History 9:279-298.

Oton, Esuakema U. (Winter 1958). 'Development of Journalism in Nigeria,' Journalism Quarterly 35:72-79.

Oton, Esuakema U. (Spring 1966). 'The Training of Journalists in Nigeria ,' Journalism Quarterly 43:107-109.

Padmore, George (1972). Pan-Africanism or Communism, Anchor Books Edition (Garden City: Doubleday & Company, Inc.).

Real, Michael R. (1985). 'Broadcast Music in Nigeria and Liberia: A Comparative Note,' in Frank O. Ugboajah , ed., Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa ( London: Hans Zell Publishers), pp. 95-99.

Rhodes, R.I. (1968). 'The Disguised Observation of Evolutionary Development Theory,' Science & Society 32:383-412.

Rogers, Everette M. (1969). Modernization Among Peasants: The Impact of Communication (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.).

Rogers, Everette M. (April 1976). 'Communication and Development: The Passing of the Dominant Paradigm,' Communication Research 3:213-240.

Rogers, Momo K. (Summer 1986). 'The Liberian Press: An Analysis,' Journalism Quarterly 63:275-281.

Roser, Connie and Lee Brown (Spring 1986). 'African Newspaper Editors and the New World Information Order,' Journalism Quarterly 63:114-121.

Schramm, Wilbur and W. Lee Ruggels (1967). 'How Mass Media Systems Grow,' in Daniel Lerner and Wilbur Schramm , (eds.), Communication and Change in the Development Countries (Honolulu: East-West Centre Press), 57-75.

Scotton, James F. (August 1975). 'Mass Media in a Multilingual Metroplis: The Media and Their Audiences in Lagos, Nigeria,' Paper presented at the Association for Education in Journalism convention , Ottawa, Canada.

Sears, David O. and Richard E. Whitney (1973). 'Political Persuasion,' in Ithiel de Sola Pool, Frederick W. Frey , Wilbur Schramm , Nathan Maccoby , and Edwin B. Parker , eds., Handbook of Communication ( Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Comapny), 253-289.

Skurnik, W.A.E. (March 1981). 'A New Look at Foreign News Coverage: External Dependence or National Interests?' The African Studies Review 24:99-112.

Smart, M. Neff (Spring 1978). 'A School/Community Newspaper's Effect on Literacy Development in Ghana,' Journalism Quarterly 55:119-124.

Smith, Anthony (1980). The Geopolitics of Information: How Western Culture Dominates the World (New York: Oxford University Press), p. 37.

Smith, David H. and Alex Inkeles (December 1966). 'The OM Scale: A Comparative Socio-Psychological Measure of Individual Modernity,' Sociometry 29:353-377.

Smock, Audrey C. and David R. Smock (July 1969). 'Ethnicity and Attitudes Toward Development in Eastern Nigeria,' The Journal of Developing Areas 3:499-512.

Sobowale, Idowu (1983). Scientific Journalism (Ikeja : John West Publications Ltd.).

Sobowale, Idowu (1985). 'Influence of Ownership on Nigerian Newspaper Coverage on National Issues,' in Onuora E. Nwuneli , ed., Mass Communication in Nigeria: A Book of Reading (Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishers ), pp. 94-103.

Southall, Alidan (September/December 1983). 'The Contribution of Antheopology to African Studies,' The African Studies Review 26:63-76.

Stokke, Olav , ed. (1971). Reporting Africa (New York: Africana Publishing Corporation).

Taylor, Elyseo J. (January/February 1974). 'Film and Social Change in Africa South of the Sahara,' American Behavioral Scientist 17:424-438.

Temu, P.E. (1975). 'Reflections on the Role of Social Scientists in Africa,' International Social Science Journal 27:190-194.

Timothy, E. Bankole (October 1951). 'The Press in West Africa: Reasons for Present Shortcoming - and Some Suggestions for Improvement,' African World, 11-12.

Twumasi, Yaw (1985). 'Social Class and Newspaper Coverage in Ghana ,' in Frank O. Ugboajah , (ed.), Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa ( London: Hans Zell Publishers), pp. 211-220.

Uche, Luke U. (Fall 1984). 'Functional Uses of Mass Media Messages in Periods of Critical Events,' African Communication Review 1&2:40-46.

Uchendu, Victor C. (Spring 1977). 'Africa and the Africanist: The Challenge of a Terminal Colonial Order,' Issue 7:5-11.

Ugboajah, Francis O. (1976). 'Communication of Development Issues in the Nigerian Mass Media: A Sociological Perspective.' Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Ugboajah, Frank O. , (ed.) (1985a). Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa ( London: Hans Zell Publishers).

Ugboajah, Frank O. (1985). 'Nigerian Mass Media in Social Crises,' in Frank O. Ugboajah , (ed.), Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa (London : Hans Zelff Publishers), pp. 221-236.

Ugboajah, Frank O. (1985c) 'Editorial Professionalization in the Nigerian Mass Media,' in Frank O. Ugboajah , ed., Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa (London: Hans Zell Publishers), pp. 201-210.

Ume-Nwagbo, Ebele N. (Winter 1979). 'Politics and Ethnicity in the Rise of Broadcasting in Nigeria, 1932-1962,' Journalism Quarterly 56:816-821,826.

Unesco (1961). Mass Media in the Developing Countries: A UNESCO Report to the United Nations ( Paris: UNESCO). Reports and Papers on Mass Communication, No. 33.

Vincent, Theo (1985). 'Television Drama in Nigeria: A Critical Assessment ,' in Frank O. Ugboajah , (ed.), Mass Communication, Culture and Society in West Africa ( London: Hans Zell Publishers), pp. 100-107.

Weaver, David H. , Buddenbaum, Judith M. , and Fair, Jo E. (Spring 1985). 'Press Freedom, Media, and Development, 1950-1979: A Study of 134 Nations,Journal of Communication 35:104-117.

Wilcox, Dennis L. (1975). Mass Media in Black Africa: Philosophy and Control (New York: Praeger Publishers ).

Williams, Grenfell (January 1955). 'Broadcasting in British Africa: How Financial and Technical Problems are Being Solved,' African World, p. 9.

Wilson, John (January 1944). 'Gold Coast Information,' African Affairs 43: 111-115.