This article analyses the complex mechanisms of media censorship, produced through both external and internal pressures, that are at work within Palestinian society. The article argues that there is an ongoing struggle for an open public sphere which is vital to Palestinian national development.
Abu-Amr, Z. (1995) `Report From Palestine', Journal of Palestine Studies24(2): 40-47.
2.
Batrawi, W. (1997) `Palestinian Media: Pre-Intifada to the Present', Bir Zeit News Report, www.birzeit.edu/bzunews/1997/Sep/24.html
3.
Brynen, R. (1995) `The Neopatrimonial Dimensions of Palestinian Politics', Journal of Palestine Studies25(1): 23-36.
4.
Caspi, D. and Y. Limor (1996) The Mediators: Mass Media in Israel 1984-1990. Tel Aviv: Am Oved (in Hebrew).
5.
Eickelman, D. and W.J. Anderson (eds) (1999) New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Public Sphere. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
6.
Frankel-Shlosberg, L. (1996) `The Palestinian News Game', Columbia Journalism ReviewMay/June, www.cjr.org/year/96/3/palestine.asp
7.
Frisch, H. and M. Hofnung (1999) `State Formation and International Aid: The Emergence of the Palestinian Authority', World Development25(8): 1251-1252.
8.
Ghazali, S. (1999) `The Best Journalist is the Best Loyalist', Arabic Media Internet Network, www.amin.org
9.
Graham, U. (1995) Palestine in Crisis. London: Pluto Press.
10.
Herman, S.E. and N. Chomsky (1988) Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books.
11.
Holmes, D. (1986) Governing the Press: Media Freedom in the U.S. and Great Britain. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
12.
Keane, J. (1991) `Democracy and the Media', International Social Science Journal43(3): 538.
13.
Khalid, Amayreh (1997) Middle East International No. 542(24 January): 18-19.
14.
Lent, A.J. (1998) `The Mass Media in Asia', pp. 147-170 in H.P. O'Neil (ed.) Communicating Democracy: The Media and Political Transitions. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
15.
Middle Eastern Studies Centre (1996) The PA after One Year, 1994-1995. Amman: Middle Eastern Studies Centre.
16.
Middle East Media and Research Institute (1998) `World Bank Set to Bankroll Papers that Calls US “Satan” ', 20 November.
17.
Muhsin, S. (1996) Freedom of Press Under the Palestinian Authority. Jerusalem: The Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment.
18.
Musa, I. (1998) `The Palestinian Media System', unpublished MA thesis, University of Missouri-Columbia.
19.
O'Neil, H.P. (ed.) (1998) Communicating Democracy: The Media and Political Transitions, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
20.
Palestine Report (2000) `Black May', 6(50) (Jerusalem Media and Communication Centre).
21.
Peleg, I. (ed.) (1993) Patterns of Censorship around the World. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
22.
Pick, D. (1997) `Dictatorship vs. Developing Democracy: The Case of the Palestinian Press'; available at: www.arches.uga.edu/~dpick/palpress.html
23.
Qawasmi, M. (1997) `Political Reasons Behind Al-Nahar's Closure', Al-Sahafi (Bir Zeit University).
24.
Randall, V. (1998) `Introduction', pp. 1-5 in V. Randall (ed.) Democratization and the Media. London: Frank Cass.
25.
Rugh, A.W. (1978) The Arab Press. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
26.
Scammell, M. (1988) `Censorship and its History - A Personal View', pp. 1-18 in K. Boyle (ed.) Article 19: Information, Freedom, and Censorship (World Report 1988). New York: Times Books.
27.
Shain, Y. and J. Linz (1995) Between States: Interim Government and Democratic Transitions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28.
Shikaki, K. (1996) `The Peace Process, National Reconstruction and the Transition to Democracy in Palestine', Journal of Palestine Studies25(2): 5-20.
29.
Wasko, J. (1993) `Introduction: Studies in Communication Democracy', pp. 163-168 in S. Splichel and J. Wasko (eds) Communication and Democracy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
