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References
1.
First published in London, 1848. I quote from the English translation by Samuel Moore (first published 1888): Karl Marx, Frederick Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, Moscow 1952 ff., and indicate the relevant passages in the German original in: Karl Marx, Die Frühschriften (ed. S. Landshut), Stuttgart, 1953.
2.
Quoted in Franz Mehring, Karl Marx, Leipzig 1923, 151 f. (English: London 1936).
3.
Preface to the German edition 1872, CM, 9 ; Preface to the English edition, 1888, CM, 23.
4.
ib., 21.
5.
CM, German, 524; English, 39.
6.
CM, German, 560; English, 96.
7.
From Towards A Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right. Introduction. 1843/44. German: Frühschriften, 216; English: Karl Marx, Early Texts, translated and ed. by D. McLellan, Oxford 1971, 122.
8.
Reinhart Seeger, Friedrich Engels, die religiöse Entwicklung des Spatpietisten und Frühsozialisten, Halle 1935.
9.
Friedr. Wilh. Krummacher, Elia, der Thisbiter in Predigten. Neukirchen 1845, 392 f.
10.
Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe, ed. by D. B. Rjazanow et. al., Berlin, 1926 ff. I/2, 465 (1837) (abbr. MEGA).
11.
Letter to Friedrich Graeber, 12-27. July 1837 ; MEGA I/2, 530.
12.
MEGA I I/I, 174 f.
13.
On this: Arnold Kuenzli, Marx, eine Psychographie, Vienna 1965. In general on the young Marx: D. McLellan, Marx Before Marxism, Macmillan 1970.
14.
Engels adds at another place of the CM: ' That is, all written history ' (CM, English, 40), as Engels believed-contrary to Marx-in a state of innocence at the beginning of history.
15.
Preface to the German edition of 1883, CM, English, 13.
16.
CM, German, 528 ; English, 44.
17.
Economical and Philosophical Manuscripts, 1844; Early Texts, ed. McLellan, 180 f. (McLellan translates here ' geistreich ' by ' intellectual ') ; German, Frühschriften, 298 f.
18.
CM, German, 530 ; English, 47.
19.
CM, German, 531: English, 49.
20.
CM, German, 539 ; English, 60.
21.
CM, German, 532; English, 51.
22.
Preface to the English edition, 1888 ; CM, 17.
23.
CM, German, 532 ; English, 51.
24.
CM, German, 533; English, 52.
25.
CM, German, 533 ; English, 53.
26.
Towards A Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right. Introduction.' 1843/44 ; English in: Early Works, ed. McLellan, 127 ; German, Frühschriften, 222.
27.
CM, German, 536 ; English, 57 f.
28.
CM, German, 539 ; English, 61.
29.
CM, German, 525 ; English, 39.
30.
CM, German, 536 ; English, 57.
31.
Third part: Socialist and Communist Literature.
32.
L. P. Gerlach and V. H. Hine (People, Power, Change. Movements of Social Transformation, New York 1970) in their comparison between Black Power and Pentecostalism use centrally organized structures as a criterion on the basis of which they decide whether a group is communist or not.
33.
Statutes of the ' League of Communists ' (1847) II, 9 (only in the German edition of the CM ; Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei, Berlin, DDR, 1960, 80).
34.
ib., VIII/42, p. 84.
35.
Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, 1844 ; Early Works, ed. McLellan, 147; German, Friihschriften, 233-5.
36.
The state of innocence is a later addition of Engels, see above note 14.