First- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the factorial validity of scores on two positive affect (PA) measurement instruments and a multidimensional representation of PA. Using a sample of college undergraduates (n = 232), trait PA was measured with items from the Differential Emotion Scale (DES) and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Both multifactorial first-order and second-order models fit the DES and PANAS reasonably well. Moreover, the first-order factors within each instrument were significantly correlated. With respect to the multidimensional representation of PA, both three- (Joviality, Self-Assurance, Interest/Attentiveness) and four-factor (the three-factor model plus Surprise) models were tenable. However, in the four-factor model, only a nominal amount of variance in a first-order Surprise factor was explained by a second-order PA factor.
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