National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowships are awarded to all applicants who receive the highest quality rating and to some of those who receive the second-highest quality rating. Comparing the achievements of these two groups of fellows (1967-1976 awards) provides a measure of the predictive validity of the quality ratings assigned to applicants by panels of judges. Quality ratings were related to likelihood of Ph.D. completion primarily for fellows in mathematics, engineering, and physics and astronomy, and were related to several measures of early career achievement for 1972-1976 fellows in psychology and social sciences.
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