A Cross-Sectional Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis of Mathematics Achievement and Attitudes: Implications for the Interpretation of the Direction of Predictive Validity
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online October, 1981
A Cross-Sectional Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis of Mathematics Achievement and Attitudes: Implications for the Interpretation of the Direction of Predictive Validity
Results of the differences between cross-lagged panel correlations and of the consistency of them for 2,429 students within the first eight grades weakly suggested that attitudes toward mathematics is causally predominant over mathematics achievement for what variance is shared in common. The correlations, which were generally positive and low, were strongest within the fourth through the seventh grades.
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