The Personal Orientation Dimensions (POD) (Shostrom, 1975) was administered to 91 psychiatric in-patients to assess their level of actualizing as compared with clinically nominated actualizing and "normal" samples. Results showed that differences between the hospitalized sample and the actualizing sample were significant in the expected direction for 12 of the 13 scales. Differences between the hospitalized sample and the nominated normal sample were also significant in the expected direction for 12 of the 13 scales.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Fox, J., Knapp, R. R., and Michael, W. B.Assessment of self-actualization of psychiatric patients: Validity of the Personal Orientation Inventory. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, 1968, 28, 565-569.
2.
Jansen, D. G., Knapp, R. R., and Knapp, L.Measurement of personality change in an alcoholic treatment program: Further validation of the Personal Orientation Dimensions. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, 1976, 36, 505-507.
3.
Shipley, W.A self-administering scale for measuring intellectual impairment and deterioration. Journal of Psychology, 1940, 9, 371-377.
4.
Shostrom, E. L.Personal Orientation Inventory . San Diego, California : EdITS/Educational and Industrial Testing Service , 1963 .
5.
Shostrom, E. L.An inventory for the measurement of self-actualization. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT , 1964, 24, 207-218.
6.
Shostrom, E. L.Personal Orientation Dimensions . San Diego, California : EdITS/Educational and Industrial Testing Service , 1975.
7.
Shostrom, E. L., Knapp, L. , and Knapp, R. R.Actualizing Therapy Foundations for a scientific ethic. San Diego, California: EdITS, 1976 . (a)
8.
Shostrom, E. L., Knapp, L. , and Knapp, R. R.Manual for the Personal Orientation Dimensions. San Diego, California : EdITS, 1976. (b)