Weighting Test Items and Test-Item Options,an Overview of the Analytical and Empirical Literature

Birnbaum, A. Part 5 (Chapters 17-20), pages 395-479, in F. M. Lord and M. R. Novick , Statistical theories of mental test scores. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1968.

Cleary, T. A. An individual differences model for multiple regression. Psychometrika, 1966 , 31, 215-224.

Coombs, C. H. , Milholland, J. E. , and Womer, F. B. The assessment of partial knowledge. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, 1956, 16, 13-37.

Cowdery, K. M. An evaluation of the expressed attitudes of members of three professions. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Stanford University, 1925.

Cureton, E. E. Validity, reliability and baloney . EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, 1950, 10, 94-96.

Davis, F. B. Estimation and use of scoring weights for each choice in multiple-choice test items. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, 1959, 19, 291-298.

Davis, F. B. and Fifer, G. The effect on test reliability and validity of scoring aptitude and achievement tests with weights for every choice. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, 1959, 19, 159-170.

Douglass, H. R. and Spencer, P. L. Is it necessary to weight exercises in standard tests? Journal of Educational Psychology, 1923, 14, 109-112.

de Finetti, B. Methods for discriminating levels of partial knowledge concerning a test item. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 1965, 18, 87-123.

Ebel, R. L. Review of "Valid confidence testing—demonstration kit." Journal of Educational Measurement, 1968, 5, 353-354.

Fruchter, B. Prediction of airman success from responses to items of the Kelley Activity Preference Report. Technical Documentary Report PRL-TDR-62-9, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, June 1962.

Gage, N. L. Logical vs. empirical scoring keys: the case of the MTAI. Journal of Educational Psychology , 1957, 48, 213-216.

Gulliksen, H. Theory of mental tests. New York: Wiley, 1950 .

Guttman, L. Supplementary study B, pp. 251-364, in P. Horst (Ed.), The prediction of personal adjustment. New York: Social Science Research Council, 1941.

Kaiser, H. F. Uncorrelated linear composites maximally related to a complex of correlated observations. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, 1967, 27, 3-6.

Kuder, G. F. A comparative study of some methods of developing occupational keys. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, 1957, 17, 105-114.

Lord, F. M. Formula scoring and validity. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, 1963, 23, 663-672.

Lord, F. M. An analysis of the verbal scholastic aptitude test using Birnbaum's three-parameter logistic model. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, 1968, 28, 989-1020.

Lord, F. M. and Novick, M. R. Statistical theories of mental test scores. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1968.

Massengill, H. E. and Shuford, E. H., Jr. What pupils and teachers should know about guessing. Technical Report SMC R-7, Shuford-Massengill Corporation , May 1967.

McDonald, R. P. A unified treatment of the weighting problem. Psychometrika, 1968, 33, 351-381.

Mosier, C. I. On the reliability of a weighted composite. Psychometrika, 1943, 8, 161-168.

Ramsay, J. O. A scoring system for multiple choice test items. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 1968, 21, 247-250.

Rasch, G. Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for Educational Research, 1960.

Rice, J. M. The futility of the spelling grind: I, Forum, 1897, 23, 163-172;

II, ibid., 409-419.

Richardson, M. W. The combination of measures . Pp. 379-401 in P. Horst (Ed.), The prediction of personal adjustment. New York: Social Science Research Council, 1941.

Rippey, R. Probabilistic testing. Journal of Educational Measurement, 1968, 5, 211-215.

Sabers, D. L. and White, G. W. The effect of differential weighting of individual item responses on the predictive validity and reliability of an aptitude test . Journal of Educational Measurement, 1969 , 6, 93-96.

Samejima, F. Application of the graded response model to the nominal response and multiple-choice situations. Research Report No. 63, L. L. Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory, University of North Carolina, July 1968.

Schick, G. J. The predictive value of a teacher judgment test. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1957.

Shuford, E. H., Jr. How to shorten a test and increase its reliability and validity. Technical Report SMC R-9, Shuford-Massengill Corporation, May, 1967.

Shuford, E. H. , Jr., Albert, A. , and Massengill, H. E. Admissible probability measurement procedures. Psychometrika , 1966, 31, 125-145.

Shuford, E. H. , Jr. and Massengill, H. E. The relative effectiveness of five instructional strategies. Technical Report SMC R-8, Shuford-Massengill Corporation, June 1967.

Stalnaker, J. M. Weighting questions in the essay-type examination. Journal of Educational Psychology , 1938, 29, 481-490.

Stanley, J. C. and Wang, M. D. Differential weighting. Baltimore : Prof. Stanley, The Johns Hopkins University, Nov. 1968. Pp. iv + 77.

Strong, E. K., Jr. Vocational interests of men and women. Stanford, Cal.: Stanford University Press, 1943.

West, P. V. The significance of weighted scores . Journal of Educational Psychology, 1924 , 15, 302-308.

Wilks, S. S. Weighting systems for linear functions of correlated variables when there is no dependent variable. Psychometrika, 1938, 3, 23-40.

Winkler, R. L. The assessment of prior distributions in Bayesian analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1967, 62, 776-800. (a)

Winkler, R. L. The quantification of judgment: Some methodological suggestions. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1967, 62, 1105-1120. (b)

Winkler, R. L. The quantification of judgment: Some experimental results Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, 1967, 386-395. (c)

Winkler, R. L. Scoring rules and the evaluation of probability assessors. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1969, 64, 1073-1078.

Yee, A. H. and Kriewall, T. A new logical scoring key for the Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory. Journal of Educational Measurement, 1969, 6, 11-14.