Volunteer Effects on Experimental Outcomes

Allen, V. Uncertainty of Outcome and Post-Decision Dissonance Reduction. In Festinger, L. (Ed.), Conflict, Decision, and Dissonance. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1964. Pp. 34-42.

Brehm, J. W. Postdecision Changes in the Desirability of Alternatives. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 1956, 52, 384-389.

Brehm, J. W. and Cohen, A. R. Re-evaluation of Choice Alternatives as a Function of Their Number and Qualitative Similarity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1959, 58, 373-378.

Brock, T. C. Effects of Prior Dishonesty on Postdecision Dissonance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 1963, 66, 325-331.

Conroy, G. I. , and Morris, J. R. Psychological Health among Volunteers, Non-volunteers, and No Shows. Paper presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Roanoke, Va. , April, 1968.

Crowne, D. P. and Marlowe, D. The Approval Motive. New York: John Wiley, 1964.

Davidson, J. R. and Kiesler, Sara B. Cognitive Behavior before and after Decisions. In Festinger, L. (Ed.), Conflict, Decision, and Dissonance. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1964. Pp. 10-19.

Deutsch, M. , Krauss, R. , and Rosenau, Norah. Dissonance or Defensiveness? Journal of Personality, 1962 , 30, 16-28.

Festinger, L. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance . Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson , 1957 (Republished: Stanford, Calif .: Stanford University Press, 1962).

Festinger, L. (Ed.). Conflict, Decision, and Dissonance. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1964.

Festinger, L. and Walster, Elaine. Post-Decision Regret and Decision Reversal. In Festinger, L. (Ed.), Conflict, Decision, and Dissonance. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1964. Pp. 100-110.

Gerard, H. B. , Blevans, S. A. , and Malcolm, T. Self-Evaluation and the Evaluation of Choice Alternatives. Journal of Personality, 1964, 32, 395-410.

Hood, T. C. and Back, K. W. Patterns of Self-Disclosure and the Volunteer: The Decision to Participate in Small Group Experiments. Paper presented at the meeting of the Southern Sociological Society, Atlanta, April, 1967.

Insko, C. A. Theories of Attitude Change. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967.

Jecker, J. D. The Cognitive Effects of Conflict and Dissonance. In Festinger, L. (Ed.), Conflict, Decision, and Dissonance. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1964. Pp. 21-30.

Jones, E. E. and Gerard, H. B. Foundations of Social Psychology. New York: John Wiley, 1967.

Kinsey, A. C. , Pomeroy, W. B. , and Martin, C. E. Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Phila., Pa.: Saunders, 1948.

Kinsey, A. C. , Pomeroy, W. B. , Martin, C. E. , and Gebhard, P. H. Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Phila., Pa.: Saunders, 1953.

Leipold, W. D. and James, R. L. Characteristics of Shows and No-Shows in a Psychological Experiment. Psychological Reports, 1962, 11, 171-174.

Levitt, E. E. , Lubin, B. , and Brady, J. P. The Effect of the Pseudo-volunteer on Studies of Volunteers for Psychology Experiments . Journal of Applied Psychology, 1962, 46, 72-75.

London, P. , Cooper, L. M. and Johnson, H. Subject Characteristics in Hypnosis Research. II. Attitudes towards Hypnosis, Volunteer Status, and Personality Measures. III. Some Correlates of Hypnotic Susceptibility . International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , 1962, 10, 13-21.

Luchins, A. S. Primacy-Recency in Impression Formation. In Hovland, C. I. , Mandell, W. , Campbell, E. H. , Brock, T. , Luchins, A. S. , Cohen, A. R. , McGuire, W. J. , Janis, I. L. , Feierabend, Rosalind L. , and Anderson, N. H. , The Order of Presentation in Persuasion. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1957. Pp. 33-61.

Martin, R. M. and Marcuse, F. L. Characteristics of Volunteers and Nonvolunteers for Hypnosis. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 1957, 5, 176-180.

Martin, R. M. and Marcuse, F. L. Characteristics of Volunteers and Nonvolunteers in Psychological Experimentation. Journal of Consulting Psychology , 1958, 22, 475-479.

Maslow, A. H. Self-Esteem (Dominance Feelings) and Sexuality in Women. Journal of Social Psychology, 1942, 16, 259-293.

Maslow, A. H. and Sakoda, J. M. Volunteer-Error in the Kinsey Study. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1952, 47, 259-262.

McDavid, J. W. Approval-Seeking Motivation and the Volunteer Subject. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1965, 2, 115-117.

Orne, M. T. On the Social Psychology of the Psychological Experiment: With Particular Reference to Demand Characteristics and Their Implications. American Psychologist, 1962, 17, 776-783.

Orne, M. T. Demand Characteristics and the Concept of Quasi-Controls. In R. Rosenthal and R. L. Rosnow (Eds.), Artifact in Behavioral Research. New York: Academic Press, 1969.

Poor, D. The Social Psychology of Questionnaires . Unpublished bachelor's thesis, Harvard University, 1967.

Reuss, C. F. Differences between Persons Responding and Not Responding to a Mailed Questionnaire. American Sociological Review, 1943, 8, 433-438.

Rosenthal, R. The Volunteer Subject. Human Relations, 1965, 18, 389-406.

Rosenthal, R. and Rosnow, R. L. The Volunteer Subject. In Rosenthal, R. and Rosnow, R. L. (Eds.), Artifact in Behavioral Research. New York : Academic Press, 1969.

Rosnow, R. L. One-Sided Versus Two-Sided Communication Under Indirect Awareness of Persuasive Intent. Public Opinion Quarterly, 1968, 32, 95-101.

Rosnow, R. L. Experimental Artifact Research. In Encyclopedia of Education. New York: Macmillan, in press.

Rosnow, R. L. and Robinson, E. J. (Eds.). Experiments in Persuasion. New York: Academic Press, 1967.

Rosnow, R. L. and Rosenthal, R. Volunteer Subjects and the Results of Opinion Change Studies. Psychological Reports, 1966, 19, 1183-1187.

Schubert, D. S. P. Arousal Seeking as a Motivation for Volunteering : MMPI Scores and Central-Nervous-System Stimulant Use as Suggestive of a Trait. Journal of Projective Techniques and Personality Assessment, 1964, 28, 337-340.

Siegman, A. Responses to a Personality Questionnaire by Volunteers and Nonvolunteers to a Kinsey Interview. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1956, 52, 280-281.

Stricker, L. J. , Messick, S. , and Jackson, D. N. Suspicion of Deception : Implications for Conformity Research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1967, 5, 379-389.

Walster, Elaine. The Temporal Sequence of Post-Decision Processes. In Festinger, L. (Ed.), Confiict, Decision, and Dissonance. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1964, Pp. 112-127.

Walster, Elaine , Berscheid, Ellen , and Barclay, A. M. A Determinant of Preference among Modes of Dissonance Reduction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1967 , 7, 211-216.