Research examining the influence of nonwork issues on work-related outcomes has flourished. Often, however, the breadth of the interrole conflict construct varies widely between studies. To determine if the breadth of the interrole conflict measure makes a difference, the current study compares the criterion-related validity of scores yielded by a work—nonwork conflict scale and those yielded by a work—family conflict scale using active-duty U.S. Army soldiers stationed in Germany and Italy with spouses and/or children and without spouses or children. Results demonstrated that the two constructs are related but distinct. In addition, work—family conflict had a stronger relationship with job satisfaction and turnover intentions for employees with a spouse and/or children than for single, childless employees, whereas work—nonwork conflict had a stronger relationship with these outcomes for single, childless employees than for employees with a spouse and/or children.
Allen, K.R., & Pickett, R.S. (1987). Forgotten streams in the family life course: Utilization of qualitative retrospective interviews in the analysis of lifelong single women's family careers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 49, 517-526.
2.
Allen, T.D., Herst, D.E.L., Bruck, C.S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 278-308.
Aryee, S. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict among married professional women: Evidence from Singapore. Human Relations, 45, 813-837.
5.
Ashton, M.C. (1998). Personality and job performance: The importance of narrow traits. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, 289-303.
6.
Behson, S.J. (2002). Which dominates? The relative importance of work-family organizational support and general organizational context on employee outcomes . Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 53-72.
7.
Bonebright, C.A., Clay, D.L., & Ankenmann, R.D. (2000). The relationship of workaholism with work-life conflict, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 469-477.
8.
Brown, S.P. (1996). A meta-analysis and review of organizational research on job involvement. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 235-255.
9.
Burke, R.J. (1988). Some antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 3, 287-302.
10.
Casper, W.J., Martin, J.A., Buffardi, L.C., & Erdwins, C.J. (2002). Work-family conflict, perceived organizational support, and organizational commitment among employed mothers. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7, 99-108.
11.
Castro, C.A., Adler, A.B., & Bienvenu, R.V. (1998). A human dimensions assessment of the impact of OPTEMPO on the forward-deployed soldier [WRAIR Protocol #700] . Silver Spring, MD: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.
12.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., & Bulters, A.J. (2004). The loss spiral of work pressure, work-home interference and exhaustion: Reciprocal relations in a three-wave study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64, 131-149.
13.
Dudley, N.M., Orvis, K.A., Lebiecki, J.E., & Cortina, J.M. (2006). A meta-analytic investigation of conscientiousness in the prediction of job performance: Examining the intercorrelations and the incremental validity of narrow traits. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 40-57.
14.
Feldman, D.C. (2002). Advancing research on work careers: A developmental perspective on theory building and empirical research. In D. C. Feldman (Ed.), Work careers: A developmental perspective (pp. 347-371). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
15.
Friedman, S.D., & Greenhaus, J.H. (2000). Work and family: Allies or enemies? What happens when business professionals confront life choices?New York: Oxford University Press .
16.
Frone, M.R. (2000). Work-family conflict and employee psychiatric disorders. The national comorbidity survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 888-895.
17.
Frone, M.R. (2003). Work-family balance. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 143-162). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association .
18.
Frone, M.R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M.L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 65-78.
19.
Gardner, D.G., Cummings, L.L., Dunham, R.B., & Pierce, J.L. (1998). Single-item versus multiple-item measurement scales: An empirical examination. Educational and Psychological Measurement , 58, 898-915.
20.
Greenhaus, J.H., & Beutell, N.J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles . Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88.
21.
Grover, S.L., & Crooker, K.J. (1995). Who appreciates family-responsive human resource policies: The impact of family-friendly policies on the organizational attachment of parents and non-parents. Personnel Psychology, 48, 271-288.
22.
Gupta, N., & Beehr, T.A. (1981). Relationships among employees' work and nonwork responses. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 203-209.
23.
Gutek, B.A., Searle, S., & Klepa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 560-568.
24.
Hackman, J.R., & Oldham, G.R. (1975). Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159-170.
Hart, P.M. (1999). Predicting employee life satisfaction: A coherent model of personality, work and nonwork experiences, and domain satisfactions . Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 564-584.
27.
Henson, R.K. (2001). Understanding internal consistency reliability estimate: A conceptual primer on coefficient alpha. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 177-189.
28.
Judge, T.A., & Watanabe, S. (1993). Another look at the job satisfaction-life satisfaction relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 939-948.
29.
Kahn, R.L., Wolfe, D.M., Quinn, R., Snoek, J.D., & Rosenthal, R.A. (1964). Organizational stress . New York: John Wiley.
30.
Kopelman, R.E., Greenhaus, J.H., & Connolly, T.F. (1983). A model of work, family, and interrole conflict: A construct validation study. Organization Behavior and Human Performance, 32, 198-215.
31.
Kossek, E.E., & Ozeki, C. (1998). Work-family conflict, policies, and the job-life satisfaction relationship: A review and directions for organizational behavior-human resources research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 139-149.
32.
Mesmer-Magnus, J.R., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Convergence between measures of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict: A meta-analytic examination . Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 215-232.
33.
Messick, S. (1995). Validity of psychological assessment. Validation of inferences from persons' responses and performances as scientific inquiry into score meaning. American Psychologist, 50, 741-749.
34.
Meyer, J.P., Stanley, D.J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 61, 20-52.
35.
Netemeyer, R.G., Boles, J.S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology , 81, 400-410.
36.
O'Driscoll, M.P., Ilgen, D.R., & Hildreth, K. (1992). Time devoted to job and off-job activities, interrole conflict, and affective experiences. Journal of Applied Psychology , 77, 272-279.
37.
Parasuraman, S., & Greenhaus, J.H. (2002). Toward reducing some critical gaps in work-family research. Human Resources Management Review , 12, 299-312.
38.
Rice, R.W., Frone, M.R., & McFarlin, D.B. (1992). Work-nonwork conflict and the perceived quality of life. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 13, 155-168.
39.
Siegel, P.A., Post, C., Brockner, J., Fishman, A.Y., & Garden, C. (2005). The moderating influence of procedural fairness on the relationship between work-life conflict and organizational commitment . Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 13-24.
40.
Tremble, T.R., Jr., Payne, S.C., Finch, J.F., & Bullis, R.C. (2003). Opening organizational archives to research: Analog measures of organizational commitment. Military Psychology , 15, 167-190.
41.
Wallace, J.E. (1997). It's about time: A study of hours worked and work spillover among law firm lawyers. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 50, 227-248.
42.
Wanous, J.P., & Hudy, M.J. (2001). Single-item reliability: A replication and extension . Organizational Research Methods, 4, 361-375.
43.
Wanous, J.P., Reichers, A.E., & Hudy, M.J. (1997). Overall job satisfaction: How good are single-item measures? Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 247-252.
44.
Wiley, D.L. (1983). A systematic investigation of role conflict between work and nonwork roles. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
