Three of the most frequently asked questions of leadership are: (1) What is it? (2) Why 0is it important? and (3) What are its conditions? How we answer these three questions of leadership depends in no small degree on our assumptions about the nature of social organization.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alexander, J. (1982). Theoretical logic in sociology. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2.
Anderson, G. L. (1990). Toward a critical constructivist approach to school administration: Invisibility, legitimation, and the study of non-events.Educational Administration Quarterly, 26(1), 38-59.
3.
Andrews, R. L. , & Sonder, R. (1987). Principal leadership and student achievement.Educational Leadership, 44(6), 9-11.
4.
Barnett, B. G. (1990). Peer-assisted leadership: Expanding principals' knowledge through reflective practice.Journal of Educational Administration, 28(3), 67-76.
5.
Bass, B. (1985). Leadership and performance: Beyond expectation. London: Free Press.
6.
Bates, R. (1980). Educational administration, the sociology of science, and the management of knowledge.Educational Administration Quarterly16, 1-20.
7.
Beck, L. G. (1992). Meeting the challenge of the future: The place of a caring ethic in educational administration.American Journal of Education, 100, 454-495.
8.
Bellah, R. N. , Madsen, R., Sullivan, W., Swidler, A., & lipton, S. (1985). Habits of the heart. New York: Harper & Row.
9.
Bennis, W. , & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.
10.
Blackmore, J. (1989). Educational leadership: A feminist critique and reconstruction. In J. Smyth (Ed.), Critical perspectives on educational leadership (pp. 93-130). London: Falmer.
11.
Bolman, L. , & Deal, T. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender.Educational Administration Quarterly, 28, 314-329.
12.
Bridges, E. M. (1967). Instructional leadership: A concept re-examined.Journal of Educational Administration, 5(2), 136-147.
13.
Brown, A. (1967). Reactions to leadership.Educational Administration Quarterly, 3, 62-73.
14.
Burns, J. (1977). Wellsprings of political leadership.American Political Science Review, 71, 266-275.
15.
Burrell, G. , & Morgan, G. (1979). Sociological paradigms and organizational analysis. London: Heinemann.
16.
Calabrese, R. (1988). Ethical leadership: A prerequisite for effective schools.NASSP Bulletin, 75, 1-4.
17.
Capper, C. (1992). Otherist poststructural theories in educational administration. Organizational Theory and Dialogue, pp. 1-9.
18.
Collins, R. (1985). Three sociological traditions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
19.
Deal, T. , & Peterson, K. (1990). The principal 's role in shaping school culture. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
20.
Deal, T. , & Peterson, K. (1994). The leadership paradox. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
21.
Duke, D. (1986). Aesthetics of leadership.Educational Administration Quarterly, 22, 7-27.
22.
Fiedler, F. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill.
23.
Foster, W. (1986). Paradigms and promises. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.
24.
Freeston, K. (1987). Leader substitutes in educational organizations.Educational Administration Quarterly, 23, 45-59.
25.
Gardner, J. (1990). On leadership. New York: Free Press.
26.
Giroux, H. (1992). Educational leadership and the crisis of democratic government.Educational Researcher, 21, 4-11.
27.
Glazer, J. (1991). Feminism and professionalism in teaching and educational administration.Educational Administration Quarterly, 27, 321-342.
28.
Greenfield, W. (1987). Instructional leadership. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
29.
Hallinger, P. , & Murphy, J. F. (1987). Assessing and developing principal instructional leader-ship.Educational Leadership, 45(1), 54-61.
30.
Hart, A. (1988). Attribution as effect: An outsider principal's succession.Journal of Educational Administration, 26, 331-352.
31.
Hersey, P. , & Blanchard, K. (1982). Management of organizational behavior: Utilizing human resources.
32.
Hodgkinson, C. (1978). Towards a philosophy of administration. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
33.
Holt, D. (1990). Management. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
34.
Hoy, W. , & Miskel, C. (1991). Educational administration. New York: McGraw-Hill.
35.
Hoyle, J. , English, F., & Steffy, B. (1985). Skills for successful school leaders. Arlington, VA: American Association of School Administrators.
36.
Kerr, S. , & Jermier, J. M. (1978). Substitutes for leadership: Their meaning and measurement.Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 22, 378-403.
37.
Kouzes, J. , & Posner, B. (1991). The leadership challenge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
38.
Lieberman, A. (1988). Expanding the leadership team.Educational Leadership, 45, 4-8.
39.
Lincoln, Y , & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
40.
Maclntyre, A. (1984). After virtue. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
41.
Madsen, D. , & Snow, P. G. (1991). The charismatic bond. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
42.
Marshall, C. (1988). Analyzing the culture of school leadership.Education and Urban Society, 20(3), 262-275.
43.
Morgan, G. (1986). Images of organization. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
44.
Nisbet, R. (1965). Leadership and social crisis. In A. Gouldner (Ed.), Studies in leadership (pp. 702-719). New York: Russell.
45.
Pierce, C. (1923). Chance, love, and logic. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
46.
Peterson, K. (1988). Mechanisms of culture building and principals' work.Education and Urban Society, 20, 250-261.
47.
Pfeffer, J. (1977). Ambiguity of leadership.Academy of Management Review, 2, 104-112.
48.
Pitner, N. J. (1986). Substitutes for principal leader behavior: An exploratory study.Educational Administration Quarterly, 22, 23-42.
49.
Polanyi, M. (1966). The tacit dimension. New York: Garden City.
50.
Ryle, G. (1949). The concept of mind. New York: Hutchinson.
51.
Sashkin, M. (1988). The visionary principal.Education and Urban Society, 20, 239-249.
52.
Schein, E. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
53.
Sergiovanni, T. (1992). Why we should seek substitutes for leadership.Educational Leadership, 49, 41-45.
54.
Shakeshaft, C. (1989). Women in educational administration. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
55.
Simon, H. (1947). Administrative behavior. New York: MacMillan.
56.
Slater, R. (1994). Symbolic Educational Leadership and Democracy in America.Educational Administration Quarterly, 30, 97-101.
57.
Slater, R. , & Teddlie, C. (1992). Toward a theory of school effectiveness and leadership.School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 3, 242-257.
58.
Slater, R. , Bolman, L., Crow, G., Goldring, E., & Thurston, P. (1994). Leadership and management processes. Hightstown, NJ: McGraw-Hill: Primus.
59.
Smith, K. , & Blase, J. (1991). From empiricism to hermeneutics: Educational leadership as a practical and moral activity.Journal of Educational Administration, 29, 6-21.
60.
Starratt, R. J. (1991). Building an ethical school: A theory for practice in educational leadership.Educational Administration Quarterly, 27, 185-202.
61.
Stogdill, R. (1981). Traits of leadership: A follow-up to 1970. In B. Bass (Ed.), Handbook of leadership. New York: Free Press.
62.
Toennies, F. (1957). Community & society. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
63.
Weber, M. (1978). Max Weber: Selections in translation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
64.
Whitehead, A. (1927). Symbolism, its meaning and effect. New York: Fordham.
