During ordinary times, which are never ordinary, but especially during a period of school restructuring, educational administrators need to consider their responsibility to promote an ethical environment in their schools. This article develops three foundational ethical themes-critique, justice, and caring-as the pillars on which to build such a school
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adorno, T. W. (1973). Negative dialectics. New York: Seabury.
2.
Apple, M. (1982). Education and power. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
3.
Bates, R. J. (1984). Toward a critical practice of educational administration. In T. J. Sergiovanni & J. E. Corbally (Eds.), Leadership and organizational culture (pp. 260-274). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
4.
Bellah, R. , Madsen, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swidler, A., & Tipton, S. M. (1985). Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life. New York: Harper & Row.
5.
Blatt, N. (1970). Studies on the effects of classroom discussion upon children's moral development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.
6.
Blumberg, A. (1974). Supervisors and teachers, a private cold war. Berkeley, CA: McCutchan.
7.
Bowers, C. A. (1987). Elements of a post-liberal theory of education. New York: Teachers College Press.
8.
Boyer, E. (1983). High school: A report on secondary education in America. New York: Harper & Row.
9.
Buber, M. (1970). I and thou (W. Kaufmann, Trans.). New York: Scribner.
10.
Cherryholmes, C. H. (1988). Power and criticism: Poststructural investigations in education. New York: Teachers College Press.
11.
Cusick, P. A. , & Wheeler, C. W. (1988). Educational morality and organizational reform. American Journal of Education, 96, 231-255.
12.
Eisenstadt, S. N. (1968). Max Weber: On charisma and institution building. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13.
Foster, W. (1986). Paradigms and promises: New approaches to educational administration. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus.
14.
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.). New York: Herder & Herder.
15.
Gilligan, C. (1977). In a different voice: Women's conception of self and morality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
16.
Giroux, H. A. (1988). Schooling and the struggle for public life. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
17.
Goodlad, J. 1. (1984). A place called school. New York: McGraw-Hill.
18.
Greenfield, W. (1987, April). Moral imagination and value leadership in schools. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC.
19.
Habermas, J. (1973). Legitimation crisis. Boston: Beacon.
20.
Higgins, A. , Power, C., & Kohlberg, L. (1984). The relationship of moral atmosphere to judgements of responsibility. In W. Kurtines & J. Gerwirtz (Eds.), Morality, moral behavior and development. New York: Wiley Interscience.
21.
Hollenbach, D. (1979). Claims in conflict. New York: Paulist.
22.
Horkheimer, M. (1974). Eclipse of reason. New York: Seabury.
23.
Hoy, W. K. , & Kupwersmith, W. (1984). Principal authenticity and faculty trust. Planning and Changing, 15, 80-88.
24.
Jennings, B. (1983). Interpretive social sciences and policy analysis. In D. Callahan & B. Jennings (Eds.), Ethics, the social sciences and policy analysis (pp. 3-35). New York: Plenum.
25.
Kimbrough, R. B. (1985). Ethics: A current study for educational leaders. Arlington, VA: American Association of School Administrators.
26.
Kohlberg, L. (1969). Stage and sequence: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization. In D. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook on socialization theory and research (pp. 347-480). Chicago: Rand McNally.
27.
Kohlberg, L. (1971). From is to ought: How to commit the naturalistic fallacy and get away with it in the study of moral development. In T. Mischel (Ed.), Cognitive development and epistemolgy (pp. 151-235). New York: Academic Press.
28.
Kohlberg, L (1980). High school democracy and educating for a just society. In R. L Mosher (Ed.), Moral education: A first generation of research and development (pp. 20-57). New York: Praeger.
29.
Kohlberg, L (1981). The meaning and measurement of moral development. Worchester, MA: Clark University Press.
30.
Lakomski, G. (1987). Values and decision making in educational administration. Educational Administration Quarterly, 23(3), 71-82.
31.
Maclntyre, A. (1984). After virtue (2nd ed.). Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
32.
MacMurray, J. (1961). Persons in relation. London: Faber and Faber.
33.
Niebuhr, R. (1935). An interpretation of Christian ethics. New York: Harper & Brothers.
34.
Noddings, N. (1984). Caring: A feminine approach to ethics and moral education. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
35.
Noddings, N. (1988). An ethic of caring and its implications for instructional arrangements. American Journal of Education, 96, 215-230.
36.
Pateman, C. (1980). "The disorder of women": Women, love and the sense of justice. Ethics, 91(1), 20-34.
37.
Purpel, D. (1989). The moral & spiritual crisis in education. Granby, MA: Bergin & Garvey.
38.
Rawls, J. A. (1971). A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
39.
Raywid, M. A. (1986, April). Some moral dimensions of administrative theory and practice. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.
40.
Schindler, D. L. (1986). On the foundations of moral judgment. In G. F. McLean, F. E. Ellrod, D. L. Schindler, & J. L Mann (Eds.), Act and agent: Philosophical foundations for moral education and character development (pp. 271-305). Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
41.
Schon, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think and act. New York: Basic Books.
42.
Sergiovanni, T. J. (1985). Landscapes, mindscapes and reflective practice in supervision. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 1, 5-17.
43.
Sergiovanni, T. J. , & Starratt, R. J. (1988). Supervision: Human perspectives (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
44.
Sizer, T. R. (1984). Horace's compromise: The dilemma of the American high school. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
45.
Starratt, R. J. (1984). The underside of supervision. Impact, 19, 5-16.
46.
Starratt, R. J. (1990). The drama of schooling/the schooling of drama. London: Falmer.
47.
Strike, K. , Haller, M., & Soltis, J. (1988). Ethics of school administration. New York: Teachers College Press.
48.
Sullivan, W. M. (1986). Reconstructing public philosophy. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
49.
Vandenberg, D. (1990). Education as a human right. New York: Teachers College Press.
50.
Walzer, M. (1985). Exodus and revolution. New York: Basic Books.
51.
Wynne, E. A. (Ed.). (1982). Character policy: An emerging issue. Washington, DC: University Press of America.
52.
Young, R. (1990). A critical theory of education. New York: Teachers College Press.