Xoci, a Chicana, attends a predominately White university in her hometown. She lives at home with her family, where she is responsible for her younger siblings and many household duties. The first in her family to attend college, Xoci is having difficulty managing her academic demands and home obligations; she has not been completing her class readings, homework assignments, or necessary household tasks. She is considering dropping out of school as she feels alone on campus and unsure of how to balance her home and school life. Her parents encourage her but can offer little advice beyond telling her to try harder. She has not confided in her instructors; she does not feel they would understand her.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aguirre, A., Jr.
, & Martinez, R. 0. (1993). Chicanos in higher education: Issues and dilemmas for the 21st century (ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 3). Washington, DC: The George Washington University, School of Education and Human Development.
2.
Arredondo, P.
(1991). Counseling Latinas. In C. C. Lee & B. L. Richardson (Eds.), Multicultural issues in counseling: New approaches to diversity (pp. 143-156). Alexandria, VA: American Association for Counseling and Development.
3.
Baron, A., Jr.
, Vasquez, M.J.T., & Valdez, J. (1981). A comparison of minority students' concerns at two university campuses. In A. Baron, Jr., (Ed.), Explorations in Chicano psychology (pp. 121-136). New York: Praeger.
4.
Cardoza, D.
(1991). College attendance and persistence among Hispanic women: An examination of some contributing factors. Sex Roles, 24, 133-147.
5.
Casas, J. M.
, & Ponterotto, J. G. (1984). Profiling an invisible minority in higher education: The Chicana. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 62, 349-353.
6.
Cervantes, 0. F.
(1988). The realities that Latinos, Chicanos, and other ethnic minority students encounter in graduate school. Journal of La Raza Studies, 2, 33-41.
7.
Chacon, M. A.
, Cohen, E. G. & Strover, S. (1986). Chicanas and Chicanos: Barriers to progress in higher education. In M. A. Olivas (Ed.), Latino college students (pp. 296-324). New York: Teachers College Press.
8.
Coalition of Spanish Speaking Health and Human Service Organizations.
(1990). Delivering preventive health care to Hispanics. Washington, DC: Author.
9.
de los Santos, A., Jr.
, & Rigual, A. (1994). Progress of Hispanics in American higher education. In J. J. Justiz, R. Wilson, & L. G. Bjork (Eds.), Minorities in higher education (pp. 173-194). Phoenix, AZ: Oryx.
10.
Escobedo, T. H.
(1980, October). Are Hispanic women in higher education the nonexistent minority? Educational Researcher, pp. 7-12.
11.
Fields, C.
(1988). The Hispanic pipeline: Narrow, leaking, and needing repair. Change, 20, 20-27.
12.
Firestone, J. M.
, & Harris, R. J. (1994). Hispanic women in Texas: An increasing portion of the underclass. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 16, 176-185.
13.
Fiske, E. B.
(1988). The undergraduate Hispanic experience: A case of juggling two cultures. Change, 20, 29-33.
14.
Gándara, P.
(1982). Passing through the eye of the needle: High-achieving Chicanas. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 4, 167-179.
15.
Gándara, P.
(1995). Over the ivy walls: The educational mobility of low-income Chicanos. Albany: State University of New York Press.
16.
Gándara, P.
, & Osugi, L. (1994). Educationally ambitious Chicanas. The NEA Higher Education Journal, 10, 7-35.
17.
Gloria, A. M.
, & Pope-Davis, D. (1997). Cultural ambience: The importance of a culturally aware learning environment in the training and education of counselors. In D. Pope-Davis & H. Coleman (Eds.), Multicultural counseling competencies: Assessment, education and training, and supervision (pp. 242-257). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
18.
Gloria, A. M.
, & Robinson-Kurpius, S. E. (1996). The validation of the cultural congruity scale and the university cultural environment scale with Chicano students. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 18, 533-549.
19.
Highlen, P. S.
(1994). Racial/ethic diversity in doctoral programs of psychology: Challenges for the twenty-first century. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 3, 91-108.
20.
Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities.
(1995, January-February). Closing the Hispanic faculty gap. Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities: The Voice of Hispanic Higher Education, pp. 1, 7.
21.
Lou, R.
(1994). Teaching all students equally. In Survival skills for scholars: Teaching from a multicultural perspective (No. 12, pp. 28-45). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22.
Mirandé, A.
(1985). The Chicano experience: An alternative perspective. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
23.
Molina, R. A.
, & Franco, J. N. (1986). Effects of administrator and participant sex and ethnicity on self-disclosure. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65, 160-162.
24.
Munioz, D. G.
(1986). Identifying areas of stress for Chicano undergraduates. In M. A. Olivas (Ed.), Latino college students (pp. 131-156). New York: Teachers College Press.
25.
Nevárez-La Torre, A. A.
, & Hidalgo, N. M. (1997). Introduction. Education and Urban Society, 30, 3-19.
26.
Nieves-Squires, S.
(1991). Hispanic women: Making their presence on campus less tenuous. In Project on the status and education of women. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges.
27.
Olivas, M. A.
(1988). Latino faculty at the border: Increasing numbers key to more Hispanic access. Change, 20, 6-9.
28.
Pascarella, E. T.
, & Terenzini, P. T. (1980). Predicting freshman persistence and voluntary dropout decisions from a theoretical model. Journal of Higher Education, 51, 60-75.
29.
Perez, S. M.
, & de la Rosa Salazar, D. (1993). Economic, labor force, and social implications of Latino educational and population trends. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 15, 188-229.
30.
Perisco, C. F.
(1990). Creating an institutional climate that honors diversity. In G. Stricker, E. Davis-Russell, E. Bourg, E. Duran, W. R. Hammond, J. McHolland, K. Polite, & B. E. Vaughn (Eds.), Toward ethnic diversification in psychology education and training (pp. 55-63). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
31.
Ponterotto, J. G.
(1990). Racial/ethnic minority and women students in higher education: A status report. New Directions for Student Services, 52, 45-59.
32.
Procidano, M. E.
, & Heller, K. (1983). Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: Three validation studies. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 1-23.
33.
Quevedo-García, E. L.
(1987). Facilitating the development of Hispanic college students. In D. J. Wright (Ed.), Responding to the needs of today's minority students (pp. 49-63). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
34.
Quintana, S. M.
, Vogel, M. C., & Ybarra, V. C. (1991). Meta-analysis of Latino students' adjustment in higher education. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13, 155-168.
35.
RodrÍguez, N.
(1996). Predicting the academic success of Mexican American and White college students. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 18, 329-342.
36.
Ruiz, R. A.
, & Casas, M. J. (1981). Culturally relevant and behavioristic counseling for Chicano college students. In P. P. Pederson, J. G. Draguns, W. J. Lonner, & J. E. Trimble (Eds.), Counseling across cultures (pp. 181-202). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
37.
Sierra, C. M.
(1990). The university setting reinforces inequality. In T. Cordova, N. Cautú, G. Gardenas, J. Garcia, & C. Sierra (Eds.), Chicana voices: Intersections of class, race, and gender (pp. 5-7). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
38.
U.S. Bureau of the Census.
(1984). Current population survey. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
39.
U.S. Bureau of the Census.
(1991). The Hispanic population of the United States: March 1990 (Current Population Reports, Series P-25 No. 995). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
40.
Valverde, L. A.
(1988). The missing element: Hispanics at the top in higher education. Change, 20, 11.
41.
Vasquez, M. J. T.
(1982). Confronting barriers to the participation of Mexican American women in higher education. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 4, 147-165.
42.
Vasquez, M.J.T.
(1984). Power and status of the Chicana: A social-psychological perspective. In J. L. Martinez, Jr., & R. H. Mendoza (Eds.), Chicano psychology (2nd ed., pp. 269-287). New York: Academic Press.
