Youth Violence and Gangs

Cleveland Public Schools . (1993). Internal memoranda and statistical data. Unpublished report, Cleveland Public Schools, Youth Gang Unit, Cleveland, OH.

Curry, G. D. , Ball, R. A. , & Decker, S. H. (1996). Estimating the national scope of gang crime from law enforcement data. In C. R. Huff (Ed.), Gangs in America (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Esbensen, F. -A. , & Huizinga, D. (1993). Gangs, drugs, and delinquency in a survey of urban youth. Criminology, 31, 565-589.

Hawkins, J. D. , Lishner, D. M. , Jenson, J. M. , & Catalano, R. F, Jr. (1987). Delinquents and drugs: What the evidence suggests about prevention and treatment programming. In B. S. Brown & A. R. Mills (Eds.), Youth at high risk for substance abuse (pp. 81-131). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Huff, C. R. (1996a). The criminal behavior of gang members and non-gang, at-risk youth. In C. R. Huff (Ed.), Gangs in America (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Huff, C. R. (1996b). Final report to the National Institute of Justice regarding the criminal behavior of gang members. Unpublished report, Ohio State University, Columbus.

Klein, M. W. (1995). The American street gang. New York: Oxford University Press.

Kodluboy, D. W. , & Evenrud, L. A. (1993). School-based interventions: Best practices and critical issues. In A. P. Goldstein & C. R. Huff (Eds.), The gang intervention handbook (pp. 257-299). Champaign, IL: Research Press.

National Research Council . (1993). Losing generations: Adolescents in high-risk settings. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Stephens, R. D. (1993). School-based interventions: Safety and security. In A. P. Goldstein & C. R. Huff (Eds.), The gang intervention handbook (pp. 219-256). Champaign, IL: Research Press.

Thomberry, T. P. , Krohn, M. D. , Lizotte, A. J. , & Chard-Wierschem, D. (1993). The role of juvenile gangs in facilitating delinquent behavior. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 55-87.

Thrasher, F M. (1927). The gang: A study of 1,313 gangs in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Tri-City Task Force . (1996). Summary of taskforce accomplishments. Unpublished report, Parma City Schools, 6726 Ridge Road, Parma, OH 44129.