How Does Variation in the State’s Choice Over Higher Education Governance Affect University Restructuring? A Time-Series-Cross-Sectional Analysis

Abstract

This study examined the effects of governance in higher education on the changing structures of universities, focusing on three major aspects: the marketization of higher education, new circuits of academic capitalist knowledge, and the quality of higher education. To do so, the study employed time-series-cross-sectional (TSCS) data analysis with random effects models. The primary focus was to conduct empirical research utilizing comparative indicators and analytical tools for cross-national analysis, and to complement existing qualitative studies on the changing nature of universities. The results suggest the following: First, reductions in public subsidies for higher education may encourage higher education institutions to enter into market activities. Second, the results provide evidence that new circuits of knowledge, namely, academic capitalist knowledge regimes, are more highly associated with market activities such as university–industry collaboration and R&D performance compared to public good knowledge regime. Third, the results suggest that quality of higher education institutions is positively correlated with both public subsidies in higher education and university-industry collaboration.

Keywords

higher education governance university restructuring time-series-cross-sectional data analysis random effects models marketization of higher education quality of higher education

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Alderman

Brown

(2005). Can quality assurance survive the market? Accreditation and audit at the crossroads. Higher Education Quarterly, 59, 313-328.

Beck

(2001). Time-series-cross-section data: What have we learned in the past few years? Annual Review of Political Science, 4, 271-293.

Beck

Katz

(1996). Nuisance vs. substance: Specifying and estimating time-series-cross-section models. Political Analysis, 6, 1-36.

Beerkens

(2003). Globalisation and higher education research. Journal of Studies in International Education, 7, 128-148.

Carnoy

(2000). Globalization and educational restructuring. Paris, France: International Institute for Educational Planning.

Castells

(1997). The power of identity. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Clark

B. R.

(1979). The many pathways of academic coordination. Higher Education, 8, 251-267.

Clark

B. R.

(1983). The higher education system: Academic organization in cross-national perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Clark

Linzer

(2015). Should I use fixed or random effects? Political Science Research and Methods, 3, 399-408.

10.

Dill

D. D.

Soo

(2005). Academic quality, league tables, and public policy: A cross-national analysis of university ranking systems. Higher Education, 49, 495-533.

11.

Dill

D. D.

Sporn

(Eds.). (1995). Emerging patterns of social demand and university reform: Through a glass darkly. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

12.

Enders

(2004). Higher education, internationalization, and the nation-state: Recent developments and challenges to governance theory. Higher Education, 47, 361-382.

13.

Fairweather

J. S.

(1988). Entrepreneurship and higher education. Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Higher Education.

14.

Filippakou

(2011). The idea of quality in higher education: A conceptual approach. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 32, 15-28.

15.

Greene

(2011). Fixed effects vector decomposition: A magical solution to the problem of time-invariant variables in fixed effects models? Political Analysis, 19, 135-146.

16.

Gumport

P. J.

(1993). The contested terrain of academic program reduction. Journal of Higher Education, 64, 283-311.

17.

Gumport

P. J.

(2000). Academic restructuring: Organizational change and institutional imperatives. Higher Education, 39, 67-91.

18.

Gumport

P. J.

Pusser

(1997). Restructuring the academic environment. In Peterson

Mets

(Eds.), Planning and management for a changing environment (pp. 453-478). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

19.

Gumport

P. J.

Pusser

(1999). University restructuring: The role of economic and political contexts. In Smart

(Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (Vol. XIV, pp. 146-200). Bronx, NY: Agathon Press.

20.

Guskin

A. E.

(1994a). Reducing student costs & enhancing student learning part II: Restructuring the role of faculty. Change, 26, 16-25.

21.

Guskin

A. E.

(1994b). Reducing student costs and enhancing student learning: The university challenge of the 1990s. Part I: Restructuring the administration. Change, 26, 22-29.

22.

Harman

Treadgold

(2007). Changing patterns of governance for Australian universities. Higher Education Research & Development, 26, 13-29.

23.

Honaker

King

Blackwell

(2011). Amelia II: A program for missing data. Journal of Statistical Software, 45, 1-47.

24.

Hsiao

(1986). Analysis of panel data. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

25.

Hüfner

(1987). Differentiation and competition in higher education: Recent trends in the federal republic of Germany. European Journal of Education, 22, 133-143.

26.

International Institute for Educational Planning. (2007). External quality assurance: Options for higher education managers. Paris, France: UNESCO.

27.

Jones

R. W.

(2000). Globalization and the theory of input trade. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

28.

Kloss

(1985). The academic restructuring of British and German universities and greater efficiency: A comparative perspective. Oxford Review of Education, 11, 271-282.

29.

Leslie

(1995). What drives higher education management in the 1990s and beyond? The new era in financial support. Journal for Higher Education Management, 10, 5-16.

30.

Marginson

(1997). Markets in education. St. Leonards, Australia: Allen and Unwin.

31.

Massy

Zemsky

(1994). Faculty discretionary time: Departments and the “academic ratchet.” Journal of Higher Education, 65, 1-22.

32.

McDaniel

O. C.

(1996). The paradigms of governance in higher education systems. Higher Education Policy, 9, 137-158.

33.

Mok

(2003). Globalisation and higher education restructuring in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China. Higher Education Research & Development, 22, 117-129.

34.

Mok

(2007). The search for new governance: Corporatisation and privatisation of public universities in Malaysia and Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 27, 271-290.

35.

Nordlinger

E. A.

(1981). On the autonomy of the democratic state. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

36.

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (2003). Changing patterns of governance in higher education. Paris, France: Education Policy Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/education/skills-beyond-school/35747684.pdf

37.

Parsons

Platt

G. M.

(1973). The American university. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

38.

Penny

Holmes

(2006). Random effects analysis. In Friston

Ashburner

Kiebel

Nichols

Penny

(Eds.), Statistical parametric mapping: The analysis of functional brain images (pp. 156-165). London, England: Elsevier.

39.

Pritchard

(2006). Trends in the restructuring of German universities. Comparative Education Review, 50, 90-112.

40.

Pusser

(2008). The state, the market and the institutional estate: Revisiting contemporary authority relations in higher education. In Smart

J. C.

(Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (pp. 105-139). New York: Agathon Press.

41.

Reed

M. I.

Meek

V. L.

Jones

(2002). Introduction. In Amaral

Jones

Karseth

(Eds.), Governing higher education: National perspectives on institutional governance (pp. xv-xxxi). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

42.

Rhoades

(1995). Rethinking restructuring in universities. Journal for Higher Education Management, 10(2), 17-30.

43.

Rich

(2006). Academic leadership and the restructuring of higher education. In Henry

(Ed.), Special issue: Transitions between faculty and administrative careers, New Direction for Higher Education, (Vol. 134, pp. 37-48.) San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

44.

Saint

(2009). Guiding universities: Governance and management arrangements around the globe. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

45.

Slaughter

(1993). Retrenchment in the 1980s: The politics of prestige and gender. Journal of Higher Education, 64, 250-281.

46.

Slaughter

(1995). Criteria for restructuring postsecondary education. Journal for Higher Education Management, 10(2), 31-44.

47.

Slaughter

Leslie

L. L.

(1997). Academic capitalism: Politics, policies, and the entrepreneurial university. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

48.

Slaughter

Rhoades

(2004). Academic capitalism and the new economy: Market, state, and higher education. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

49.

Song

(2019). New patterns of governance in higher education: Predictors of the shift toward academic capitalism. KEDI Journal of Educational Policy, 16, 21-44.

50.

Taylor

(2013). The state and higher education institutions: New pressures, new relationships and new tensions. In Goodman

Kariya

Taylor

(Eds.), Higher education and the state: Changing relationships in Europe and East Asia (pp. 9-35). Oxford: Symposium Books.

51.

van Vught

F. A.

(1994). Autonomy and accountability in government-university relationships. In Salmi

Verspoor

A. M.

(Eds.), Revitalizing higher education (pp. 322-364). Oxford: Pergamon Press.

52.

Varghese

(2004, August 23-24). Institutional restructuring in higher education in Asia: Trends and patterns. Theme paper prepared for the Policy Forum on Institutional Restructuring in Higher Education in Asia, Hue City, Vietnam.

53.

Volkwein

J. F.

(1986). Campus autonomy and its relationship to measures of university quality. Journal of Higher Education, 57, 510-528.

54.

Williams

G. L.

(1995). The “marketization” of higher education: Reforms and potential reforms in higher education finance. In Dill

D. D.

Sporn

(Eds.), Emerging patterns of social demand and university reform: Through a glass darkly (pp. 170-193). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.

55.

World Economic Forum. (2014). The global competitiveness report 2014-2015. Retrieved from http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2014-15.pdf

56.

Zajac

Kraatz

(1993). A diametric forces model of strategic change: Assessing the antecedents and consequences of restructuring in the higher education industry. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 83-102.