The Crisis in Adult Basic Education

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Auerbach, E. (1991). Politics, pedagogy and professionalism: Challenging marginalization in ESL. College ESL, 1, 1-9.

Bloom, A. (1987). The closing of the American mind. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Cunningham, P. (1989). Definitions of literacy: Who wins and who loses? Thresholds in Education, 15, 2-5.

D’Amico, D. (1995). Staffing patterns in New York City adult literacy initiative programs: Data and directions. New York: Literacy Assistance Center.

Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Seabury.

Hirsch, E. D., Jr. (1987). Cultural literacy: What every American needs to know. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

Levine, K. (1986). The social context of literacy. London: Routledge Kegan Paul.

McLaren, P. L. (1988). Culture or canon? Critical pedagogy and the politics of literacy. Harvard Educational Review, 58, 213-234.

Newman, K. S. (1995, May 20). What inner-city jobs for welfare mom? The New York Times, p. 23-23.

10.

Purcell-Gates, V. , Degener, S. , & Jacobson, E. (1998). U.S. adult literacy program practice: A typology across dimensions of life-contextualized/decontextualized and dialogic/monologic. Cambridge, MA: National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy.

11.

Quigley, B. A. (1997). Rethinking literacy education: The critical need for practice-based change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

12.

Rockhill, K. (1987). Literacy as threat/desire: Longing to be somebody. In J. Gaskel & P. McLaren (Eds.), Women and education: A Canadian perspective (pp. 315-333). Calgary, Alberta, Canada: Detselig Enterprises.

13.

Sheared, V. (1999). A womanist view of the inclusive learning environment. In T. C. Guy (Ed.), Culturally relevant adult education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

14.

St. John-Hunter, C. (1987). Literacy/illiteracy in an international perspective. World Education, 26, 4-7.

15.

Thompson, J. (1983). Convergence, 26,9-9.

16.

U.S. Department of Education, Division of Adult Education and Literacy . (1995). Adult education program statistics for fiscal year 1994. Washington, DC: Author.