It is proposed that an important variable in the learning of the Educable Mentally Handicapped (EMH) is the linguistic code used by the teacher and children. It is hypothesized that careful thought must be given to the development of an elaborated linguistic code in EMH children. Some preliminary findings, supportive of this view, are reported. Implications for research and instruction are drawn.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BernsteinB.Social class and linguistic development: a theory of social learning. In HalseyA. H., FloudJean, and AndersonC. A. (Editors), Education, economy and society. New York: Free Press, 1961.
2.
BernsteinB.Linguistic codes, hesitation phenomena and intelligence. Language and Speech, 1962, 5, 31–45. (a)
3.
BernsteinB.Social class, linguistic codes and grammatical elements. Language and Speech, 1962, 5, 221–240. (b)
4.
BrownR., and BellugiUrsula. Three processes in the child's acquisition of syntax. Harvard Educational Review, 1964, 34, 133–151.
5.
DavisEdith A.The development of linguistic skill in twins, singletons with siblings, and only children from age five to ten years. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1937.
6.
EnglemannS.The structuring of language processes as a tool for thought. National Catholic Educational Association Bulletin, 1966, 63, 459–469.
7.
GalperinP. Y.An experimental study in the formation of mental actions. In SimonB. (Editor), Psychology in the Soviet Union. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1957. Pp. 213–225.
8.
JohnsonG. O.Special education for the mentally handicapped-a paradox. Exceptional Children, 1962, 29, 62–69.
9.
JohnsonW., DarleyF. L., and SpriesterbachD. C.Diagnostic methods of speech pathology. New York: Harper and Row, 1963.
10.
McCarthyDorothea A.The language development of the preschool child. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1930.
11.
President's Panel on Mental Retardation. A proposed program for national action to combat mental retardation. Washington, D. C.: US Government Printing Office, 1962.
12.
PringleM. L. K., and TannerMargaret. The effects of early deprivation on speech development: a comparative study of 4 year olds in a nursery school and in residential nurseries. Language and Speech, 1958, 1, 269–287.
13.
ShrinerT. H.A comparison of selected measures with psychological scale values of language development. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, in press.
14.
SlavinaL. S.Specific features of the intellectual work of unsuccessful pupils. In SimonB. (Editor), Psychology in the Soviet Union. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1957. Pp. 205–212.
15.
SmithMadorah E.A study of some factors influencing the development of the sentence in preschool children. The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology. 1935, 56, 182–212.
16.
StearnsK. E.The effectiveness of a language development program for disadvantaged children: an interim report. Paper read at the Annual Convention of The Council for Exceptional Children, St. Louis, March, 1967.
17.
TemplinMildred C.Certain language skills in children: their development and interrelationships. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1957.