A Sociology of Migration or `Race Relations'? A View from Britain

481 BANTON, Michael . The Coloured Quarter: Negro Immigrants in an English City, London, Jonathan Cape, 1955. Account of social relations in a dockland area of East London where 300-400 Africans and West Indians had settled.

482 BANTON, Michael . White and Coloured: the Behaviour of British People Towards Coloured Immigrants, London, Jonathan Cape, 1959. Attitudinal data analysing social relations between white British and `coloured' immigrants.

483 BANTON, Michael . Race Relations, London, Tavistock, 1967. The author traces some of the origins of the idea of race, stresses the importance of the social contact in which race consciousness emerges (the notion of `social race'), and exemplifies his approach with comparative analyses of Britain, the USA, South Africa and other societies.

484 BANTON, Michael . The Idea of Race, London, Tavistock, 1977. Analyses historically the interaction of the idea of `race' and sociological analysis examining the sociohistorical context of ideas about `race' and `race relations' and how conceptions of the idea of race have appeared outside the realms of biological science. It concludes with an account of the interaction between the idea of race and sociological analysis in the twentieth century.

485 BANTON, Michael . `Analytical and Folk Concepts of Race and Ethnicity', Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2(2), 1979: 127-138. Argues that the subject matter of racial and ethnic relations has to be located on two dimensions, historical and analytical. Historical because beliefs about race and ethnicity have their own history and are explicit in popular consciousness (as folk concepts) and analytical because social scientists cannot safely take concepts from popular consciousness.

486 BANTON, Michael . Racial and Ethnic Competition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1983. Analyses the relationship between rational choice theory and perception of racial and ethnic distinctions.

487 BANTON, Michael and HARWOOD, G. The Race Concept, Newton Abbot, David and Charles, 1975. A fuller examination of how biologists have used the race concept provides us with the means of determining how sociologists should construct the notion of race.

488 BARKER, Martin . The New Racism, London, Junction Books, 1982. Analyses the changing basis of racial theory in right-wing thinking indicating the role played by `race' in the conception of nationhood. He argues that the new racism is not based on notions of biological difference (superiority and inferiority), but on notions of cultural difference (`immigrants' have a different way of life which constitutes a threat to the `British' way of life).

489 BOHNING, W. R. The Migration of Workers in the United Kingdom and the European Community, London, Oxford University Press, 1972. Analyses historical development and future plans of the EEC in regard to the legal framework of migration and migratory movements.

490 BONACICH, Edna and MODELL, John . The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in the Japanese American Community, London, University of California Press, 1980. Examines the possibility that ethnic ties dissolve once the viability and/or necessity of the economic form declines. Draw on data from a three generational survey of Japanese Americans.

491 BOURNE, Jenny . `Cheerleaders and Ombudsman: The Sociology of Race Relations', Race and Class, 21(4), 1980: 331-352. A critique of the academic study of the sociology of race relations and what is termed the `ethnic school'.

492 BROOKS, Dennis . Race and Labour in London Transport, London, Oxford University Press and Institute of Race Relations, 1975. Examines the position of black workers in London Transport in the context of the latter's recruitment and promotion policies. Also data on migrants' position prior to migration, trade union membership, etc.

493 BURAWOY, Michael . `Migrant Labour in South Africa and the United States', in T. Nichols (ed.) Capital and Labour, London, Athlone Press, 1980. Analyses savings which accrue to the capitalist sector in drawing migrant labour from outside its boundaries, and breaks down reproductory costs into component parts.

494 CASTELLS, Manuel . `Immigrant Workers and Class Struggles in Advanced Capitalism: the Western European Experience', Politics and Society, 5(1), 1975: 33-66. Argues that immigration is determined by more than a shortage of labour; internationalization of the exploitation of labour is a structural necessity of Western European capitalism. Focuses on the political and economic functions of migrant labour.

495 CASTLES, Stephen and KOSACK, Godula . `The Function of Labour Immigration in Western European Capitalism', New Left Review, 73, 1972: 3-18. A consideration of the notions of a reserve army of labour and labour aristocracy in the context of post-war labour migration to Western Europe.

496 CASTLES, Stephen and KOSACK, Godula . Immigrant Workers and Class Structure in Western Europe, London, Oxford University Press, 1973. An analysis of the social and economic position occupied by immigrant workers in post-war Western Europe.

497 CASTLES, Stephen and KOSACK, Godula . `How the Trade Unions Try to Control and Integrate Immigrant Workers in the German Federal Republic', Race, 15(4), 1974: 497-514. Examines the function of immigrant workers in FRG and trade unions' inability and unwillingness to represent the interests of all semi- and unskilled workers, including immigrants.

498 CARCHEDI, Guglelmo . `Authority and Foreign Labour: Some Notes on a Late Capitalist Form of Capital Accumulation and State Intervention', Studies in Political Economy, 2, 1979: 37-74. Uses rather dated statistics to illustrate the rotating nature of foreign labour and the state's role as regulator of that rotation system.

499 Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies . The Empire Strikes Back, London, Hutchinson, 1983. Provides a critique of virtually all `race' and `ethnic' relations theory and research in Britain and a reformulation of the relationship between race, class and gender.

500 DANIEL, William . Racial Discrimination in England, Harmondsworth, Pelican, 1968. Findings of Political and Economic Planning Report on racial discrimination indicating that persons originating from the West Indies encountered more discrimination than persons from Asia, who, in turn, encountered more discrimination than European migrants.

501 DEAKIN, Nicholas (ed.). Colour, Citizenship and British Society, London, Panther Books, 1970. Abridged version of Colour and Citizenship [531].

502 HALL, Stuart . `Racism and Reaction' in Five Views of Multi-Racial Britain, Commission for Racial Equality, London, 1978. Analyses British racism in the post-war period and suggests that we should consider racism from the late 1960s onwards as one of a number of constructed popular authoritarian ideologies.

503 HALL, Stuart . `Race, Articulation and Societies Structured in Dominance', in UNESCO. Sociological Theories: Race and Colonialism, Paris, UNESCO, 1980. Analyses the reproduction of racism and its articulation with class structure.

504 HALL, Stuart et al. Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order, London, Macmillan, 1978. Identifies the media-created crime of `mugging' as moral panic and the move towards a `law and order' society and away from a managed concensus model. Final chapter shows how the moral panic about `mugging' is explicitly linked to `race' and the increasing repression of black youth.

505 HEINEMANN, Benjamin . The Politics of the Powerless, London, Oxford University Press and the Institute of Race Relations, 1972. An analysis of the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination and why it failed.

506 JACKSON, J. A. The Irish in Britain, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963. One of the few sociological contributions to the literature on Irish migration. Jackson has also edited a collection, Migration [20].

507 KATZNELSON, Ira . Black Men, White Cities, London, Oxford University Press and Institute of Race Relations, 1973. A comparative analysis of Britain and US `race relations' policy. The first proper analysis of party-political thinking on immigration control to be carried out in Britain.

508 LAWRENCE, Daniel . Black Migrants, White Natives, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1974. One of the few texts which makes a concerted scientific attempt to analyse the political beliefs of black as compared to white workers. A theoretical and empirical contribution to the `sociology of race relations'.

509 LAWRENCE, Daniel . `Between Two Cultures: a Review Article', New Community, 6 (1 and 2), 1977, 1978: 156-169. A review of J. L. Watson (ed.), Between Two Cultures, [541]

510 LITTLE, Kenneth . Negroes in Britain, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1947. Advances a `colour-class' hypothesis in his analysis of the Cardiff dockland areas.

511 LYON, Michael . `Race and Ethnicity in Pluralistic Societies', New Community, 1(4), 1972: 256-262. Argues that `racial' categories are a consequence of exclusion by the majority, whereas `ethnic' categories are self-maintained.

512 LYON, Michael . `Ethnic Minority Problems: An Overview of Recent Research', New Community, 2(4), 1973: 329-359. Examines research in the light of theoretical ideas developed in earlier article [511].

513 MARSH, Peter . Anatomy of a Strike, London, Institute of Race Relations, Special Series, 1967. Analysis of strike at Woolfs, Southall where a predominantly Sikh workforce struck in protest at management's sacking of union activists. Their union (TGWU) did not provide strike pay and the strike was defeated, the workers disillusioned with the union.

514 MEILLASSOUX, Claude . Maidens, Meal and Money, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981. Analysis of the self-sustaining agricultural community (domestic) as a means of the preproduction of labour power.

515 MILES, Robert . Racism and Migrant Labour, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982. A critical text, but provides a basic alternative to the `race relations' perspective.

516 MOORE, Robert . Racism and Black Resistance in Britain, London, Pluto, 1975. Analyses black migrant labour within the context of the internationalization of the Western European labour supply in the post-war period. Chronicles aspects of British racism (e.g., immigration control and activities of the police) and black resistance in the workplace and community.

517 MOORE, Robert and WALLACE, Tina . Slamming the Door: The Administration of Immigration Control, London, Martin Robertson, 1975. Detailed examination of the development and scope of Britain's racist apparatus of immigration control.

518 MOROKVASIC, Mirjana . `Women in Migration: Beyond the Reductionist Outlook', in A. Phizacklea (ed.) [521]. The first sustained critique of extant literature on women in the migration process. Suggests a theoretical way out of the impasse.

519 PAINE, Suzanne . Exporting Workers: The Turkish Case, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1974. Analysis of the effects of exporting labour upon Turkish economy in the period 1963-73.

520 PEACH, Ceri . West Indian Migration to Britain, London, Oxford University Press for Institute of Race Relations, 1968. Analyses dynamics of West Indian migration to Britain, indicating that it was primarily determined by labour demand, that it was self-regulating, and migrants acted as a replacement for jobs and in housing vacated by whites.

521 PHIZACKLEA, Annie (ed.) One Way Ticket: Migration and Female Labour, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983. A collection of studies examining the extant literature on migrant women, their position as workers, wives and mothers in Western Europe and structural changes in the international division of labour.

522 PHIZACKLEA, Annie and MILES, Robert . Labour and Racism, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980. An empirical study of political consciousness and action amongst the English and West Indian working class in the North London Borough of Brent. Theoretically proposes that West Indian workers are part of a racially categorized working-class fraction.

523 PORTES, Alexandro . `Toward a Structural Analysis of Illegal (Undocumented) Immigration', International Migration Review, 12, 1978: 469-484. An examination of illegal immigration from a structuralist perspective.

524 PORTES, Alexandro . `Modes of Structural Incorporation and Present Theories of Labour Immigration', in M. Kritz et al. (eds.) Global Trends in Migration: Theory and Research in International Population Movements, New York, Center for Migration Studies, 1981. Suggests structuralist perspective too narrow and focuses on economic enclaves where immigrants find opportunities to translate previous education, skills, etc. into higher and better-paid employment.

525 REX, John . Race Relations in Sociological Theory, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970. Analysis of which types of social situations, structures and processes can be categorized as belonging within the `sociology of race relations'.

526 REX, John . Race, Colonialism and the City, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973. Develops theoretical arguments of Race Relations in Sociological Theory [525] and analyses the situation of migrants from ex-colonial societies in the metropolitan situation.

527 REX, John . `Black Militancy and Class Conflict' in Miles, R. and Phizacklea, A. (eds.) Racism and Political Action in Britain, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979. Analyses the position of Britain's black colonial migrants vis-à-vis the white working class and its institutions. Concludes that defensive conforntation by blacks is a precondition of their entry into the working class.

528 REX, John and MOORE, Robert . Race, Community and Conflict, London, Oxford University Press and Institute of Race Relations, 1967. Analysis of `race relations' within the context of certain aspects of urban sociology. The concept of `housing class' links the two, and the analysis focuses on Sparkbrook, Birmingham as a `zone in transition'.

529 REX, John and TOMLINSON, Sally . Colonial Immigrants in a British City, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979. Analyses position of colonial immigrants in employment, housing and education markets. Authors conclude that colonial immigrants and their children constitute an `underclass' in British social structure.

530 RICHMOND, Anthony . Colour Prejudice in Britain, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1954. Analyses position of West Indian migrants in Liverpool.

531 ROSE, E. J. B. et al. Colour and Citizenship, London, Oxford University Press and Institute of Race Relations, 1969. Findings of massive five-year study on the state of `race relations' in Britain. Examines policies in housing, education employment and social services, also role of the police. Attitudinal data on white racism.

532 SALT, John . `International Labour Migration in Western Europe: a Geographical Review', in M. Kritz et al. (eds.) Global Trends in Migration: Theory and Research in International Population Movements, New York, Center for Migration Studies, 1981. Overview of research into the problems associated with international labour migration in Western Europe.

533 SALT, John and CLOUT, Hugh . Migration in Post-war Europe, London, Oxford University Press, 1976. A collection of geographical essays examining internal, interregional and international migration in Western Europe with a chapter on Eastern Europe.

534 SHAH, Samir . Immigrants and Employment in the Clothing Industry: The Rag Trade in London's East End, London, Runnymede Trust, 1975. Examination of the role of immigrant entrepreneurs and labour in clothing production based in sweatshops and on the labour of homeworkers. Discusses constraints on employment for immigrants.

535 SIVANANDAN, A. `Race, Class and the State: The Black Experience in Britain', Race and Class, 17(4), 1976: 347-368. A political economy of black migration and settlement in Britain from the immediate post-war period to the mid-1970s, focusing on the state's role as regulator and controller of black migration and settlement.

536 SIVANANDAN, A. `From Immigration Control to “Induced Repatriation” ', Race and Class, 10(1), 1978: 75-82. Analyses developments in government thinking on black immigration and settlement as a movement towards induced repatriation in line with economic strategies in a recessionary period.

537 SIVANANDAN, A. `Imperialism and Disorganic Development in the Silicon Age', Race and Class, 24(2), 1979: 111-126. Analyses the new international division of labour and production involving movement of capital to labour (centre to periphery) and new imperialism accelerating the `disorganic' development of the periphery.

538 SIVANANDAN, A. A Different Hunger, London, Pluto, 1982. A collection of all Sivanandan's work which represents an accessible political economy of racism in Britain.

539 SMITH, David J. The Facts of Racial Disadvantage, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1977. A national survey indicating the extent of racial disadvantage in employment, housing and the provision of services.

540 WALLMAN, Sandra (ed.) Ethnicity at Work, London, Macmillan, 1979. An edited collection analysing the role of ethnicity in the workplace, emphasizing the flexible nature of ethnicity as a resource.

541 WATSON, James L. (ed.) Between Two Cultures, Oxford, Blackwell, 1977. A collection of ten studies each focusing on a different ethnic minority in Britain.

542 WOLPE, Harold . `Capitalism and Cheap Labour-Power in South Africa: From Segregation to Apartheid', Economy and Society, 1(4), 1972: 425-455. Analyses South Africa's policy of `separate development' as an attempt to re-create and maintain the subsistence base of the migrant labour force.

543 WRIGHT, Peter . The Coloured Worker in British Industry, London, Oxford University Press and Institute of Race Relations, 1968. Empirical study examining position of `coloured' workers before and after migration and employer practices.