A Select Periodical Bibliography on African Traditional Religion with Special Emphasis on Nigeria,1900–1970

Mbiti J. S. , African Religions and Philosophy, Heinemann, London, p. 2, 1969.

P'Biteck Okot , African Religions in Western Scholarship, East African Literature Bureau, Nairobi, p. 102, 1971.

Abdel-Rasoul Kawthar . “Funeral rites in Nigeria.” Wiener volkerkundliche Mitteilungen, vol. 4, no. 2(1956) pp. 167–9.

Abdul M.O.A. “Yoruba divination and Islam.” Orita, vol. 4 (June 1970) pp. 17–25.

Adande Alexandre . “Functions et signification sociales des masques en Afrique noire.” Presence Africaine (n.s.) nos. 1 & 2 (April/July 1955) pp. 24–38.

Adedeji J.A. “The place of drama in Yoruba religious observance.” Odu, vol. 3 (July 1966) pp. 88–94.

Adesanya Adebayo . “Yoruba metaphysical thinking.” Odu, vol. 5 (1958) pp. 36–41.

Adiguna Benjamin A. “Religione e istruzione nella Federazione della Nigeria.” Africa, vol. 16, no. 4 (July-August 1961) pp. 163–167.

“The African explains witchcraft.” Africa, vol. 8, no. 4 (October 1935) pp. 504–559.

Ajose Oladele A. “Old and new in Nigeria: Custom, religion and disease.” Lancet, no. 1 (15 May 1954) pp. 1024–1025.

Akpananu P. “The religion of the Ibos, yesterday and today.” Lux, vol. II (1965) pp. 85–95.

Alagoa E. J. “Idu: A curator festival at Okpoma in the Niger Delta.” Africa, vol. 34, no. 1 (Jan. 1964) pp. 1–8.

Armstrong Robert G. “Prolegomena to the study of the Idoma concept of God.” African Notes, vol. 4, no. 1 (Oct. 1956) pp. 11–17.

Armstrong Robert G. “The religions of the Idoma.” Ibadan, No. 13 (1961) pp. 5–9.

Arriens C. “Ein inestafrikanischer Priesterstaadt.” Koloniale Rundschau, vols. 4–6 (April 1930) pp. 119–123.

Awolalu J. O. “Aiyelala: A guardian of social morality.” Orita, vol. 2 (Dec. 1968) pp. 79–89.

Awolalu J. O. “Sin and its removal in African traditional religion.” American Academy of Religion. Journal, no. 44 (June 1976) pp. 275–87.

Awolalu J. O. “What is African traditional religion?” Studies on Comparative Religion, no. 9 (Winter 1975) pp. 51–61.

Azikiwe Nnamdi . “Philosophy of African religion, with special reference to the God of Africa.” A lecture delivered in 1951.

Bascom W. R. “Ifa divination: Comments on the paper by J. D. Clarks.” Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 69 (1939) pp. 235–56.

Bascom W. R. “Odu Ifa: The names of the signs.” Africa, vol. 36, no. 4 (Oct. 1966) pp. 408–421.

Bascom W. R. “Odu Ifa: The order of the figures of Ifa.” Bulletin IFAN, vol. 23, nos. 3/4 (1961) pp. 676–682.

Bascom W. R. “The relationship of Yoruba folklore to divining.” Journal of American Folklore, vol. 56, no. 220 (1943) pp. 127–131.

Bascom W. R. “The sanctions of Ifa divination.” Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 71, nos. 1/2 (1941) pp. 43–54.

Bascom W. R. “Yoruba concepts of the soul.” In: Wallace A.F.C. ed., Men and cultures: Selected papers of the 5th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Philadelphia, Sept. 1–9, 1956. pp. 401–410.

Bascom W. R. “Yoruba in Cuba.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 37 (1951) pp. 14–20.

Bascom William McClelland E. M. , “Two studies of Ifa divination.” Africa, vol. 36 (Oct. 1966) pp. 406–31.

Basden George T. “Mbafaw-Ezira, priest of Awnyilli Awra.” West Africa, no. 410 (Dec. 6 1924) pp. 1370–1372.

Basden George T. “The religious beliefs of the Ibo people.” West Equatorial Africa Diocesan Magazine, vol. II, no. 127 (Jan. 1905) pp. 109–111.

Roger Bastide . “Les metamorphoses du sacre dans les sociétés en transition.” Civilisations vol. 9 no. 9 (1959) pp. 432–443.

Roger Bastide . “Religious africaines et structures de civilisation.” Presence Africaine, no. 66 (1968) pp. 98–111.

Beier H. U. “The Egungun cult.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 51 (1956) pp. 380–392.

Beier H. U. “The Egungun cult among the Yoruba.” Presence Africaine, n.s. nos. 17/18 (Feb.-May 1958) pp. 33–36.

Beier H. U. “Festival of the images.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 45 (1954) pp. 14–20.

Beier H. U. “Osozi festival in Agbor.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 78 (Sept. 1963) pp. 184–195.

Beier Ulli . “Obalala-5 myths about the Yoruba creator God.” Black Orpheus vol. 7 (June 1960) pp. 34–35.

Beier Ulli . “Shrine at Oshogbo.” West African Review, No. 33 (Nov. 1962) pp. 16–18.

Berger R. “Ogun: God of war and iron.” Nigeria Magazine, No. 99 (Dec. 1968) pp. 309–15.

Bohannan Paul J. “A Tiv political and religious idea.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology vol. II no. 2 (Summer 1955) pp. 137–149.

Boston John S. “Alosi shrines in Udi Division.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 61 (1959) pp. 157–165.

Bradbury R. E. “Ezomo's Ikogobo and the Benin cult of the hand.” Man, no. 61 (Aug. 1961) pp. 129–38.

Bradbury R. E. “Fathers, elders and ghosts in Edo religion.” In: Barton Michael , Anthropological approaches to the study of religion, New York, Praeger, 1966. pp. 127–53.

Chukuegge Aggu . “History of the Kemalu juju.” Nigeria Magazine, No. 39 (1952) pp. 252–253.

Chukwukere B. I. “Individualism: An aspect of Igbo religion.” Conch, vol. 3 (Sept. 1971) pp. 109–17. See also Conch, vol. 3 (Sept. 1971) pp. 118–20; Conch, vol. 4 (March 1972) pp. 71–4.

Clarke John D. “Ifa divination.” Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 69, no. 2 (1939) pp. 235–236.

Clifford Hugh C. “Murder and magic.” Blackwood's Magazine, no. 213 (1923) pp. 820–838, No. 214 (1923) pp. 48–67.

Clinton . “Untouchability in Nigeria.” Contemporary Review (1957).

Cobham Henry . “The Idem society.” Journal of African Sociology, vol. 5, no. 17 (Oct. 1905) pp. 41–42.

Camhaire Jean . “La vie religieouse à Lagos.” Zaire (March 1949), pp. 549–556.

Correia J. Alves . “L'animisme Ibo et les divinités de la Nigéria.” Anthropos, vols. 16/17 (1921/22) pp. 360–366.

Correia J. Alves . “Le sens moral chez les Ibos de la Nigéria.” Anthropos (1923–24).

Correia J. Alves . “Un toten Nigerien.” Anthropos (1921–22).

Correia J. Alves . “Vocables religieux et philosophiques des peuples Ibos.” Bibliotheca Africana. (1925).

Crocker H. E. “Superstition in West Africa.” West African Review, vol. 21, no. 276 (1950) pp. 1073–5.

Daniel K. “The pagan religion among the Ibos of Owerri.” Nigerian Teacher, vol. 8 (Sept. 1936) pp. 16–17.

Dennett R. E. “The Ogboni and other secret societies of Nigeria.” Journal of African Sociology, vol. 16 (Oct. 1916) pp. 16–29.

Doi A. R. “A Muslim Christian traditional saint in Yorubaland.” Practical Anthropology, vol. 17, no. 6 (1970) pp. 261–8.

Doob Leonard W. “Eidetic images among the Ibo.” Ethnology, vol. 3 and 4 (Oct. 1964) pp. 357–363.

Dwyer P. M. “On the thunder-stones of Nigeria.” Man, vol. 3 (1903) pp. 183–184.

Egbo E. O. “The beginning of the end of traditional religion in Iboland, S.E. Nigeria.” Civilisations, vol. 21, nos. 82–83 (1971) pp. 269–79.

Egbo E. O. “A reassessment of the concept of Ibo traditional religion.” Numen International Review for the History of Religions, No. 19, (1972) pp. 68–79.

Ejiogu N. O. “The Owerri urban houses.” Nigerian Teacher, vol. 1, no. 4 (1935) pp. 9–11.

Ekandem M. J. “The use of plants as symbols in Ibibio and Ibo country.” Nigerian Field, vol. 20, no. 2 (April 1955) pp. 53–64.

Ekejuba Felicia . “Aro world view: An analysis of the cosmological ideas of Arochukwu people of Eastern Nigeria.” West African Religion, no. 8 (1970) pp. 1–11.

Ekejuba Felicia . “Igba Ndu: An Igbo mechanism of social control and adjustment.” Africa Notes: Bulletin of the Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan, vol. 7, no. 1 pp. 9–24.

Ekwensi C.O.D. “Ezunaka: The legend of Nkwelle.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 78 (Sept. 1963) pp. 176–183.

Elakhe Peter . “Ekue rites.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 76 (March 1963) pp. 45–56.

Eneli Goddy I. C. “The place of ancestral worship in the religious beliefs of the Ibos.” University Herald, vol. 4, no. 2 (June 1951) p. 16.

Epega M. L. “Ifa–the light of my father.” Nigeria Teacher, no. 5 (1935) pp. 11–14.

Ezeanya S. N. “Christian and pagan morality: With special reference to the Igbo of Southern Nigeria.” African Ecclesiastical Review, no. 5 (Oct. 1963) pp. 318–19.

Ezeanya S. N. “Endurance of conviction in the converts: The force of the traditional religion of Africa.” West African Religion, no. 8 (1970) pp. 20–4.

Ezeanya S. N. “Oaths in the traditional religion of West Africa.” West African Religion, no. 7 (1967) pp. 1–10.

Ezeanya S. N. “The Osu (cult slave) system in Igbo land.” Journal of Religion in Africa, (1967).

Ezeanya S. N. “The place of the Supreme God in traditional religion of the Ibo.” West African Religion, no. 1 (1963) pp. 1–4.

Ezeanya S. N. “The Sacred Place in the traditional religion of the Igbo People.” West African Religion, no. 6 (1966) pp. 1–9.

Ezeanya S. N. “A view of Christian and pagan morality (among the Ibos).” West African Religion, no. 2 (1964) pp. 4–5.

Fernandez J. W. “Praying among priests and prophets: Oral data in the study of African religion.” Journal of Folklore Institute, vol. 6, nos. 2–3 (1969) pp. 200–21.

Gaba Christian . “Contemporary research in African traditional religion.” Ghana Bulletin of Theology, (June 1968) pp. 1–13.

Grieco A. G. Tr. “Colours and body painting in black Africa: The problems of the halfman.” Diogenes, no. 99 (Summer 1975) pp. 100–19.

Hall Henry U. “Some gods of the Yoruba.” University of Pennsylvania Music Journal, vol. 8, no. 1 (1971) pp. 53–59.

Hansen Peter W. “Die Religion der heidnischen Igbos in der Owerri-Province (Sudnigeria, Westafrika).” Echo aus den Mission. Monatschrift der Missionare vom Heiligen Geist, vol. 15, nos. 5/6 (May-June 1950) pp. 87–89.

Harris J. S. “Some aspects of slavery in Southeastern Nigeria.” Journal of Negro History, no. 27, pp. 37–54.

Hives Frank . “A side show.” Blackwood's Magazine, no. 230 (1931) pp. 727–745.

Holas B. “Organisations socio-religieuses en Afrique noire.” Bulletin IFAN (B), vol. 26 nos. 1–2 (1964) pp. 40–70.

Horton Robin . “Destiny and the unconscious in West Africa.” Africa, vol. 31, no. 2 (April 1961) pp. 110–116.

Horton Robin . “Duminea: A festival for the water-spirits in the Niger Delta.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 86 (Sept. 1965) pp. 187–193.

Horton Robin . “God, man and the land in a Northern Ibo village-group.” Africa, vol. 26 (Jan. 1956) pp. 17–28.

Horton Robin . “The high god: A comment on Father O'Connell's paper.” Man, no. 62 (Sept. 1962) pp. 137–140.

Horton Robin . “Igbo: An ordeal for aristocrats.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 9 (Sept. 1966) pp. 168–183.

Horton Robin . “Kalahari diviners and oracles.” Odu, vol. 1, no. 1 (July 1964) pp. 3–16.

Horton Robin . “The Kalahari Ekine Society: A borderland of religion and art.” Africa, Vol. 33 no. 2 (April, 1963) pp. 94–114.

Horton Robin . “The Kalahari world-view: An outline and an interpretation.” Africa, vol. 32, no. 3 (July, 1962) pp. 197–219.

Horton Robin . “The Ohu system of slavery in a Northern Ibo village-group.” Africa, vol. 24 (1954) pp. 311–336.

Huber H. “Death and mourning in the Western Sudan.” Anthropos, vol. 46, nos. 3/4 (May-Aug. 1951) pp. 453–486.

Idowu E. Bolaji . “The study of religion—with a special reference to African traditional religion.” Hibbert Journal, no. 66 (Spring/Summer 1968) pp. 89–94.

Ijere Martin O. “The economic significance of shrines.” West African Religion, (1964).

Ilogu Edmund . “Christianity and Ibo traditional religion.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 83 (Dec. 1964) pp. 304–308.

Ilogu Edmund . “Ofo: A religious and political symbol in Iboland.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 83 (Sept. 1964) pp. 234–235.

Ilogu Edmund . “Religion and culture in West Africa.” Theology Today, vol. 20 (1963) pp. 53–60.

Ilogu Edmund . “Worship in Ibo traditional religion.” Numen: International Review for the History of Religion, vol. 20, no. 3 (1973) pp. 229–238.

Ilogu Edmund . “Traditional Ibo religious beliefs, practice and organization.” In: Ilogu E. , Christianity and Igbo culture. N.Y., Nok Publishers (1974) pp. 34–55.

Imegwu Chidi . “The Aros and the oracle.” African Historian, vol. 1, no. 3 (March 1965) pp. 43–6.

Isichei Elizabeth . “Ibo and Christian beliefs: Some aspects of a theological encounter.” African Affairs, no. 68 (April 1969) pp. 121–34.

Jahn Janheinz . “Die Gotter wechseln nur ihre Gewander vom Christentum in Ostnigerien.” Frankfurter Hefte, no. 15 (1960) pp. 563–571.

Jeffreys M. D. W. “Altars or sacred stools: The Ibo ‘Tazza’ or ‘Ada’” Man, no. 55 (1955) pp. 42–44.

Jeffreys M. D. W. “The Anam Ofo: A cult object among the Ibos.” South African Journal of Science, vol. 52, no. 10 (1956) pp. 227–33.

Jeffreys M. D. W. “The cult of twins among some African tribes.” South African Journal of Science, (1963).

Jeffreys M. D. W. “The degeneration of the Ofo Anam.” Nigerian Field, vol. 21 no 4 (Oct. 1956) pp. 173–77.

Jeffreys M. D. W. “Holy grails of Africa.” West African Review, vol. 7, no. 109 (Oct 1936) pp. 16, 21.

Jeffreys M. D. W. “Igbo ideas of immortality.” Awka College Magazine, no. 2 (Dec. 1931) pp. 16–17.

Jeffreys M. D. W. “Ikenga: The Ibo ram-headed god.” African Studies, vol. 13 no. (1954) pp. 25–40.

Jeffreys M. D. W. “Sacred twinned vessels.” Man, vol. 39, no. 129 (1939) pp. 137–138.

Jones G. I. “Mbari houses.” Nigerian Field, vol. 8, no. 2 (April 1939) pp. 81–82.

Jones G. I. “Ogbukere Ihuaba.” Nigerian Field, vol. 8, no. 2 (April 1939) pp. 81–82.

Jones G. I. “Ohaffia Obu houses.” Nigerian Field, vol. 6, no. 4 (Oct. 1937) pp. 169–71.

Jones G. I. “Treatment of remains of offending ghosts.” Man, no. 34 (Dec. 1934) pp.200, 228.

Kalous Milan . “Ifa divination.” New Orient, vol. 6 (Aug. 1967) pp. 122–23.

Khane A. “Au pays des orishas et des voduns, Ifa, donneur d'oracle et poste parole des dieux.” Afrique en Marche, no. 15 (April-May 1958) pp. 11–14.

Khane A. “Au pays des orishas et des vouduns: Les couvents.” Afrique en Marche, no. 16 (May-June 1958) pp. 3–7.

Khane A. “Au pays des Orishas et des vouduns: 1'initiation.” Afrique en Marche, no. 17 (June-July 1958) pp. 11–15.

Khane A. “Au pays des Orishas et des vouduns: Olodumane et Obatala: Ou le mythe de la crèation.” Afrique en Marche, nos. 12–13 (Jan-March 1958) pp. 12–16.

Khane A. “Religions et traditions d'Afrique noire: Un pays des Orishas et des vouduns.” Afrique en Marche, nos. 10–11 (Nov. 1957/Jan. 1958) pp. 4–5.

Lane M. “The Aku-Ahwa and aku-maga post burial rites of the Junken people of Northern Nigeria.” Nigerian Field, no. 25 (July 1960) pp. 100–104.

Lannert E. “Ekwechi-Anokechi festival.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 80 (1964) pp. 44–56.

Laroche R. “Some traditional African religions and Christianity.” In: Bacta C. G. ed. Christianity in Tropical Africa, London, O.U.P. 1968.

Last M. “A note on attitudes to the supernatural in Sokoto.” Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, no. 4 (Dec. 1967) pp. 3–13.

Leis Philip E. “Collective sentiments as represented in Ijaw divination.” Journal of Folklore Institute, vol. 1, no. 3 (1964) pp. 167–179.

Leith-Ross S. “Notes on the Osu system among the Ibos of Owerri Province, Nigeria.” Africa, no. 10, 1937, pp. 206–20.

Leonard Arthur G. “Southern Nigeria—religion and witchcraft.” Imperial and Asiatic Review, 3rd series no. 24 (1907) pp. 279–311.

MacAllister Donald A. “Aro country, Southern Nigeria.” Scotland Geographical Magazine, no. 18 (1902) pp. 631–637.

McClelland E. M. “Two studies of Ifa divination.” Africa, no. 36 (Oct. 1966) pp. 421–30.

Macrow Donald W. “Oshogbo celebrates festival of Shango.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 40 (1953) pp. 298–313

Maduka . “Ndi-uka na ‘akwam-ozu’ n'ani Igbo.” (Christian and funeral ceremonies in Igboland) (1964).

Mbanefo . “The Iba house in Onitsha.” Nigeria Magazine, (1962).

Mbiti John S. “Christianity and traditional religions in Africa.” International Review of Missions, vol. 59, no. 236 (1970) pp. 430–40.

Mbiti John S. “Theology of the new world: Some current concerns of African Theology.” Expository Times, no. 87 (March 1976) pp. 164–8.

Meek Charles K. “A religious festival in Northern Nigeria.” Africa, vol. 3 (1930) pp. 321–46.

Meek Charles K. “The religions of Nigeria.” Africa, vol. 14, no. 3 (1943) pp. 106–17.

Messenger John C. “Reinterpretation of Christian and indigenous belief in a Nigerian nativist church.” American Anthropologist, vol. 62 (April 1960) pp. 268–78.

Messenger John C. “Religious acculturation among the Anang Ibibio.” In: Bascom Herskovits M. J. eds. Continuity and change in African culture (1959), pp. 279–299.

Mohr Richard . “Religiose Grundvorstellungen und Kulte der Angas von Nord-Nigeria.” International Archives of Ethnography, vol. 48, no. 2 (1958) pp. 199–226.

Moore Gerald Beier U. , “Mbari houses.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 49 (1956) pp. 184–198.

Morton-Williams Peter . “An outline of the cosmology and cult organization of the Oyo Yoruba.” Africa, vol. 34, no. 3 (July 1964) pp. 243–261.

Morton-Williams Peter . “Two studies of Ifa divination. Introduction: The mode of divination.” Africa, vol. 36, no. 4 (Oct. 1966) pp. 406–408.

Morton-Williams Peter . “The Yoruba Ogboni cult in Oyo.” Africa, no. 30 (Oct. 1960) pp. 362–374.

Muller Jean-Clande . “Of souls and bones: The living and the dead among the Rukuba, Benue-Plateau State, Nigeria.” Africa, vol. 46, no. 3 (1976) pp. 258–73.

“A new sanctuary at Oshogbo.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 81 (June 1964) pp. 98–105.

Njaka E. N. “Nigeria's Igbo: Patterns of worship.” Tomorrow, vol. V. no. 4 (1957) pp. 95–6.

Nketia Joseph H. “Worship in West African religions.” Ghana Bulletin of Theology, vol. II, no. 1 (1962) pp. 1–28.

“Nri traditions.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 54 p. 252.

Nwoga Donatus I. “The Chi, individualism and Igbo religion: A comment.” Conch, vol. 3 (Sept. 1971) pp. 118–20.

Nwoga Donatus I. “Mass cult in Nigeria.” Atlas, vol. 10 (Oct. 1965) pp. 234–9.

Nzekwu O. “The care at Ogbuniko.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 57 (1958) pp. 180–92.

Nzekwu O. “Oche.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 84 (June 1964) pp. 117–26.

Nzekwu O. “Omo Ukwu temple.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 84 (June 1964) pp. 117–26.

O'Connell James . “The withdrawal of the high god in West African religion: An essay in interpretation.” Man, no. 62 (May 1962) pp. 67–69.

Offonry H. K. “Ibo untouchables.” West African Review, no. 22 (1951) p. 807.

Ogunba Oyin . “The Agemo cult in Ijebuland.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 86 (Sept. 1965) pp. 176–186.

Ogundipe Michael O. “Africans and the worship of God.” New Church Magazine, (Jan/March 1947) pp. 11–12.

Ogunkoya Olatunji . “Yoruba ancient religion and mythology.” Africana, vol. 1, no. 3 (Summer 1949) pp. 14–15, 30.

Ogunlesi J. “Olosunta festival.” African Arts, vol. 3 (Autumn, 1969) pp. 52–5.

Ojo J. R. O. “Some Ifa divination apparatus in the University of Ife, Institute of African Studies Museum.” Odu, vol. 4 (Jan. 1968) pp. 1–4.

Okafor Clement . “The inscrutability of the Gods: Motivation of behaviour in Chinua Achebe, Arrow of God.” Presence Africaine, No. 63 (1967) pp. 207–14.

Onuoha . “The Isubi Mmo.” Sierra Leone Bulletin of Religion, (1966).

Onwejeogwu Michael . “The cult of the Bori spirits among the Hausa.” In: Douglas Mary Kaberry Phyllis M. , eds., Man in Africa, London, Tavistock, 1969, pp. 279–305.

Ottenberg Simon . “Ibo oracles and inter-group relations.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 14, no. 3 (Autumn 1958) pp. 295–317.

Ottenberg Simon . “Personal shrines at Afikpo.” Ethnology, vol. 9, no. 1 (1970) pp. 26–51.

Ottenberg Simon . “Statement and reality: The renewal of an Igbo protective shrine.” Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie, vol. 51 (1968) pp. 143–62.

Palmer Herbert Richmond . “Trident gods in Sahara and Western Sudan.” Man, no. 41 (May-June 1941) pp. 60–62.

Parkinson John . “Notes on the Efik belief in ‘Bush Soul’.” Man, (1906) pp. 121–2.

Parratt J. K. Doi A. R. , “Some further aspects of Yoruba syncretism.” Practical Anthropology, vol. 16 (Nov/Dec. 1969) pp. 252–6.

Parratt J. K. Doi A. R. , “Syncretism in Yorubaland, a religious or sociological phenomenon?” Practical Anthropology, vol. 16 (May/June 1969) pp. 109–13.

Parrinder Geoffrey . “The possibility of Egyptian influence on West African religion.” International West African Conference Proceedings, 3rd, (1949) pp. 61–67.

Parrinder Geoffrey . “The religious situation in West Africa.” African Affairs, vol. 59 (Jan 1960) pp. 38–42.

Parrinder Geoffrey . “Theistic beliefs of the Yoruba and Ewe peoples of West Africa.” In: Smith E. W. , ed., African Ideas of God, (1950) pp. 224–40.

Peel J. D. “Religious change in Yorubaland.” Africa, Vol. 37 (July 1967) pp. 292–306.

Peel J. D. “Syncretism and religious change.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 10 (Jan. 1968) pp. 121–41.

Petri H. “Religion and art in ancient Nigeria.” West Africa, no. 1774 (1951) p. 155.

Picton John . “Concerning God and man in Igbira.” African Notes, vol. 5 (Oct. 1968) pp. 33–37.

Prince Raymond . “The Yoruba image of the witch.” Journal of Mental Science, vol. 107 (1961) pp. 795–805.

Sangnee W. H. “Tribal ritual, leadership, and the morality rate in Irigwe, Northern Nigeria.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 26 (Spring 1970) pp. 32–39.

Sassoon Hamo . “A burial among the Birom.” Man, no. 64 (Jan-Feb. 1964), pp. 8–11.

Schidlowski Manfred . “Ein lokaler Meteoritenkult aus der Calabar-Region von Ost-Nigeria.” Ethnology, vol. 91, no. 1 (1966) pp. 141–143.

Shelton Austin J. “Casuality in African thought: Igbo and others.” Practical Anthropology, vol. 15, no. 4 (1968) pp. 157–68.

Shelton Austin J. “The meaning and method of Afa divination among the Northern Nsukka Ibo.” American Anthropology, vol. 67 (Dec. 1965) pp. 1441–55.

Shelton Austin J. “On recent interpretations of ‘Dens Otiosus’ the withdrawn God in West African psychology.” Man, vol. 64, no. 55 (1964) pp. 53–4.

Shelton Austin J. “The presence of the ‘withdrawn’ High God in North Ibo religious beliefs and worship.” Man, vol. 65, no. 4 (1965) pp. 15–18.

Shelton Austin J. “Le principe cyclique de la personalité africaine.” Presence Africaine, no. 45 (1963) pp. 98–104.

Shelton Austin J. “Strange syncretism: The interpretations of African religion via Christ and Europe.” Conch, vol. 11 (March 1970) pp. 35–43.

Simmons Donald C. “Efik divination, ordeals and omens.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 12, no. 2 (1956) pp. 223–228.

Simpson George E. “Shango cult in Nigeria and Trinidad.” American Anthropology, vol. 64 (Dec. 1962) pp. 1204–19.

Talbot P. A. “A priest-king in Nigeria.” Folklore, no. 26 (1915) pp. 79–81.

Talbot P. A. “Some beliefs of today and yesterday (Niger Delta Tribes).” Journal of Royal African Society, vol. 15, no. 60 (July 1916) pp. 305–319.

Talbot P. A. “Some Ibibio customs and beliefs.” Journal of African Sociology, vol. 13, no. 51 (April 1914) pp. 241–258.

Tamuno Tekena Horton Robin . “The changing position of secret societies and cults in modern Nigeria.” African Notes, vol. 5, no. 2 (1969) pp. 36–62.

Thomas L. “Totemism in Southern Nigeria.” Anthropos (1915–1916).

Thomas L. “A propos des religions negro-africaines traditionnelles.” Afrique Documents, no. 93 (1967) pp. 219–255.

“Three Yoruba Incantations.” Black Orpheus, no. 19 (March 1966) pp. 8–9.

Turner V. “Sacrifice as quintessential process: Prophylaxis or abandonment.” History of Religion, no. 16 (Feb. 1977) pp. 189–215.

Uchendu Victor Chikezie . “The status implications of Igbo religious beliefs.” Nigerian Field, vol. 29, no. 1 (1964) pp. 27–38.

Ema A. J. Udo “I consult a witch-doctor.” Nigeria Magazine, no. 20 (1940) pp. 321–322.

Umunna V. N. “Nigerian paganism as a preparation for the Gospel.” East and West Review, no. 5 (1939) pp. 139–145.

Verger Pierre . “Trance states in Orisha worship.” Odu, no. 9 (Sept. 1963) pp. 13–20.

Verger Pierre . “The Yoruba High God: A review of the sources.” Odu, no. 2 (Jan. 1966) pp. 19–40.

Welch James W. “Witchcraft in Nigeria II, The Christian answer.” Church Overseas, vol. 5, no. 17 (1932) pp. 31–45.

“West African traditional religion and social change.” Papers presented at a meeting of the Ghana Sociological Association, Legon, Dec. 1967.

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