This article sketches the multidimensional nature of juvenile detention in the United States—its problems and solutions. Data presented include detention one-day population and admission rates, juvenile arrests, court referrals, and lengths of stay. These data show that overcrowding in juvenile detention is at crisis levels and can have dangerous effects on incarcerated youth. Several strategies are suggested for reducing the inappropriate detention of youth, strategies that are complex and sometimes produce unintended consequences.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Barton, William H.
, Ira M. Schwartz, and Frank A. Orlando. 1994. “Reducing the Use of Secure Detention in Broward County, Florida.” Pp. 1-11 in Reforming Juvenile Detention: No More Hidden Closets, edited by I. M. Schwartz and W. H. Barton. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
2.
Feld, Barry C.1991. “Justice by Geography: Urban, Suburban, and Rural Variations in Juvenile Justice Administration.”Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology82(1):156-210.
3.
Feyerherm, William C. 1998. Unpublished Report.
4.
Frazier, Charles E.
and John K. Cochran. 1986. “Official Intervention, Diversion From the Juvenile Justice System, and Dynamics of Human Service Work: Effects of a Reform Goal Based on Labeling Theory.”Crime & Delinquency32(2):157-176.
5.
Gilliard, Darrell K.
and Allen J. Beck. 1996. “Prison and Jail Inmates, 1995.”Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
6.
Johnston, Lloyd D.
, Patrick M. O'Malley, and Jerald G. Bachman. 1994. National Survey Results on Drug Use From the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975-1993, Volume 1, Secondary School Students. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
7.
Krisberg, Barry
and James F. Austin. 1993. Reinventing Juvenile Justice. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
8.
Krisberg, Barry
, Paul Litsky, and Ira Schwartz. 1984. “Youth in Confinement: Justice by Geography.”Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency21(2):153-181.
9.
Lubow, Bart
. 1997. The Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative: A Progress Report. Baltimore, MD: The Annie E. Casey Foundation.
10.
Lubow, Bart
and Joseph B. Tulman. 1995. The Unnecessary Detention of Children in the District of Columbia. District of Columbia Law Review3(2):ix.
11.
McCarthy, Belinda R.
and Brent L. Smith. 1986. “The Conceptualization of Discrimination in the Juvenile Justice Process: The Impact of Administrative Factors and Screening Decisions on Juvenile Court Dispositions.”Criminology24(1):41-64.
12.
National Center on Juvenile Justice
. N.d. National Estimates of Juvenile Court Delinquency Cases, 1986-1993 [MRDF]. Washington, DC: National Center for Juvenile Justice [producer].
13.
Podkopacz, Marcy R.
and Barry C. Feld. 1995. “Judicial Waiver Policy and Practice: Persistence, Seriousness, and Race.”Law and Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice14(1):73-178.
14.
Pope, Carl E.
and William H. Feyerherm. 1990a. “Minority Status and Juvenile Justice Processing: An Assessment of the Research Literature.”Criminal Justice Abstracts22(2):327-335.
15.
Pope, Carl E.
and William H. Feyerherm. 1990b. “Minority Status and Juvenile Justice Processing: An Assessment of the Research Literature, Part II.”Criminal Justice Abstracts22(3):527-535.
16.
Schwartz, Ira M.
and Deborah A. Willis. 1994. National Trends in Juvenile Detention. Pp. 13-29 in Reforming Juvenile Detention: No More Hidden Closets, edited by I.M. Schwartz and W. H. Barton. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
17.
Steinhart, David
. 1994. “Objective Juvenile Detention Criteria: The California Experience.” Pp. 47-68 in Reforming Juvenile Detention: No More Hidden Closets, edited by I. M. Schwartz and W. H. Barton. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
18.
“Symposium: The Unnecessary Use of Detention in the District of Columbia.”1995. District of Columbia Law Review3(2).
19.
U.S. Bureau of the Census
. 1980-1991. Population Estimates by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin [MRDF]. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census [producer].
20.
U.S. Bureau of the Census
.1985-1995. Census of Public and Private Juvenile Detention, Correctional and Shelter Facilities [MRDF]. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census [producer].
21.
U.S. Bureau of the Census
. 1992-2050. Population Projections of the U.S. by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin [MRDF]. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census [producer].
22.
U.S. Bureau of the Census
. 1993-2050. Population Projections of the U.S. by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin [MRDF]. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census [producer].
23.
U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation
. 1965-1992, 1993, 1994, 1995. Uniform Crime Reports, Age-Specific Arrest Rates and Race-Specific Arrest Rates for Selected Offenses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
24.
U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics
. 1994. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
25.
U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics
. 1996. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
26.
U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
. 1995. Guide for Implementing the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
27.
U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
. 1997a. OJJDP Guide to Good Juvenile Detention Practice. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.
28.
U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
. 1997b. Juvenile Justice Reform Initiatives in the States: 1994-1996. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
29.
U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
. 1984, 1985, 1986. Juvenile Court Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
30.
Wordes, Madeline
, Timothy S. Bynum, and Charles J. Corley. 1994. “Locking Up Youth: The Impact of Race on Detention Decisions.”Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquency31(1):149-165.