The Department of Justice estimates that 25% of all state prisoners have injected illegal drugs and that needle use is a major factor in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission among state prison inmates. But little is known regarding the problem in rural jails. Data presented here, based on interviews and questionnaires administered to inmates and staff in Indiana rural county jails, indicate that system management procedures may increase HIV risk to inmates and staff. Formulating policies on HIV risk for rural jails may prove crucial to epidemic management within particular institutions and may be a critical dimension of nationwide transmission patterns.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
American Correctional Association
. 1993. Directory; National Jail and Adult Detention 1993-1995. Laurel, MD: American Correctional Association.
2.
“Bay State Inmate Shifted to Texas Is Dead of AIDS.”1996. Boston Globe, February 23: 20.
3.
Blumberg, Mark
. 1990. AIDS: The Impact on the Criminal Justice System. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
4.
Brien, Peter M.
and Allen J. Beck. 1996. HIV in Prisons. Bureau of Justice Statistics Report NCJ-158020. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
5.
Brien, Peter
and Caroline W. Harlow. 1995. HIV in Prisons and Jails. Bureau of Justice Statistics Report NCJ-152765. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
6.
Burris, Scott
, Harlon Dalton, Judith Leonie Miller, and the AIDS Law Project. 1993. AIDS Law Today: A New Guide to the Public. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
7.
Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1993. HIV/AIDS Prevention Bulletin, April 19. Atlanta, GA: CDCP.
8.
Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1995. “First 500,000 AIDS Cases: United States, 1995.”Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report44:849-853.
9.
Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1996. “HIV/AIDS Education and Prevention Programs for Adults in Prisons and Jails and Juveniles in Confinement Facilities: United States 1994.”Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report45:268-271.
10.
Clark, Judy
and Kathy Boudin. 1990. “Community of Women Organize Themselves to Cope With the AIDS Crisis: A Case Study From Bedford Hills Correctional Facility.”Social Justice17:90-109.
11.
Expert Committee on AIDS and Prisons
. 1994. HIV/AIDS in Prisons. Montreal: McGill Centre for Medicine, Ethics, and Law.
12.
Gostin, Lawrence
. 1996. The AIDS Litigation Project III: A Look at HIV/AIDS in the Courts of the 1990s. Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation.
13.
Hammett, Theodore
, Lynn Harrold, Michael Gross, and Joel Epstein. 1994. 1992 Update: HIV/AIDS in Correctional Facilities. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
14.
Hammett, Theodore
, Rebecca Widom, Joel Epstein, Michael Gross, Santiago Sifre, and Tammy Enos. 1995. 1994 Update: HIV/AIDS and STDs in Correctional Facilities. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
15.
Harlow, Caroline W.
1993. HIV in U.S. Prisons and Jails. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
16.
Hogan, Nancy Lynne
. 1994. “HIV Education for Inmates: Uncovering Strategies for Program Selection.”The Prison Journal74:220-243.
17.
Indiana HIV Prevention Community Planning Group
. 1995. HIV Prevention Plan for Indiana. Indianapolis, IN: Centers for Disease Control and U.S. Public Health Service.
18.
Jacobs, Susan
. 1995. “AIDS in Correctional Facilities: Current Status of Legal Issues Critical to Policy Development.”Journal of Criminal Justice23:209-221.
19.
Jürgens, Ralf
. 1994. “Sentenced to Prison, Sentenced to Death? HIV and AIDS in Prisons.”Criminal Law Forum5:763-788.
20.
Kane, Stephanie
, ed. 1995. AIDS in Prisons. Special issue of AIDS and Society: International Research and Policy Bulletin, Vol. 6. Hanover, NH: African-Caribbean Institute.
21.
Lam, Nina Siu-Ngan
and Kam-biu Liu. 1994. “Spread of AIDS in Rural America.”Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome7:485-490.
22.
Lawrence, James E.
and Van Zwisohn, 1991. “AIDS in Jail.” Pp. 116-128 in American Jails: Public Policy Issues, edited by J. A. Thompson and G. Mays. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
23.
Loeb, Gary
. 1994. “Protecting the Right to Informational Privacy for HIV-Positive Prisoners.”Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems27:269-318.
24.
Marquart, James
, Dorothy Merianos, Steven Cuvelier, and Leo Carroll. 1996. “Thinking About the Relationship Between Health Dynamics in the Free Community and the Prison.”Crime and Delinquency42:331-360.
25.
Martin, Randy
and Sherwood Zimmerman. 1990. “Adopting Precautions Against HIV Infection Among Male Prisoners: A Behavioral and Policy Analysis.”Criminal Justice Policy Review4:330-348.
26.
Niedringhaus, Landon
. 1990. The Public Health Implications of Medical Waste: A Report to Congress. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
27.
Norberry, Jennifer
, Matt Gaughwin, and Sally-Anne Gerull. 1991. HIV/AIDS and Prisons. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
28.
Olivero, J. Michael
. 1990. “The Treatment of AIDS Behind the Walls of Correctional Facilities.”Social Justice17:113-125.
29.
Perkins, Craig A.
, James J. Stephan, and Allen J. Beck. 1995. Jails and Jail Inmates 1993-4: Census of Jails and Annual Survey of Jails. Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin NCJ-151651. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
30.
Resnik, Lionel
, Keith Veren, S. Zaki Salahubdin, Sue Tondreau, and Phillip D. Markham. 1986. “Stability and Inactivation of HTLV-III/LAV under Clinical and Laboratory Environments.”Journal of the American Medical Association255:1887-1891.
31.
Sattar, Syed A.
and V. Susan Springthorpe. 1991. “Survival and Disinfectant Inactivation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Critical Review.”Reviews of Infectious Diseases13:430-447.
32.
Siegal, Harvey
, Jichuan Wang, Mary Ann Forney, Russel S. Falck, Robert Carlson, and Duane C. McBride. 1994. “Incarceration and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Injection Drug Users: A Midwestern Case Study.”Journal of Crime and Justice17:85-101.
33.
Tuberculosis Medical Advisory Board
. 1995. Tuberculosis Screening Recommendations for County Jail Inmates. Indianapolis: Indiana State Department of Health.
34.
U.S. National Commission on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
. 1991. HIV Disease in Correctional Facilities. Washington, DC: U.S. National Commission on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
35.
Welch, Michael
. n.d. “AIDS in Correctional Facilities: A Review of Current Facts, Policies and Issues.” Unpublished manuscript, Department of Administration of Justice, Rutgers University.
36.
Wilcock, Karen
, Theodore M. Hammett, and Dale G. Parent. 1995. Controlling Tuberculosis in Community Corrections. National Institute of Justice Research in Action Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
