Previously deported aliens are a group about which numerous claims are made but very few facts are known. Using data on male deportable aliens released from a local jail, the study sought to test the ubiquitous claim that they pose a high risk of recidivism. Using multiple measures of recidivism and propensity score weighting to account for preexisting group differences, the authors find consistent support for the assertion that previously deported aliens are a high recidivism risk. Relative to similarly situated deportable aliens with no record of deportation, previously deported aliens are more likely to be rearrested, to be rearrested more quickly, and to be rearrested more frequently in a 1-year follow-up period.
Applegate, K., & Chotiner, K.L. (1999). Building LA’s Consolidated Criminal History Reporting System. Retrieved August 29, 2005 , from http://www.ncsconline.org/D_Tech/ctc/showarticle.asp?id=30
2.
Bang, H., & Robins, J.M. ( 2005). Doubly robust estimation in missing data and causal inference models. Biometrics, 61, 962-972.
3.
Barton, G. ( 2005, Aug. 27). Millions spent to jail the deported: Immigrants who re-enter U.S. illegally face harsh sentences. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online. Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=351518
4.
Beck, A., & Shipley, B. ( 1989). Recidivism of prisoners released in 1983. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
5.
Benedict, W.R., & Huff-Corzine, L. (1997). Return to the scene of the punishment: Recidivism of adult male property offenders on felony probation, 1986-1989. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34(2), 237-252.
6.
Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2000). Probation and parole 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
7.
Corwin, A.F. ( 1982). The numbers game: Estimates of illegal aliens in the United States, 1970-1981. Law and Contemporary Problems, 45(2), 223-297.
8.
Countywide Criminal Justice Coordination Committee. ( 1990). Criminal aliens in the Los Angeles county jail population (Final report). Los Angeles, CA: Author.
9.
Countywide Criminal Justice Coordination Committee. ( 1992). Impact of repeat arrests of deportable criminal aliens in the Los Angeles County (Final report). Los Angeles, CA: Author.
10.
Countywide Criminal Justice Coordination Committee. ( 1997). The impact of deportable aliens on the Los Angeles County Jail system (Final report). Los Angeles, CA: Author.
11.
Countywide Criminal Justice Coordination Committee. ( 2002). High intensity Criminal Alien Apprehension Prosecution Program fact sheet. Los Angeles, CA: Author.
12.
Elliott, D.S. ( 1995). Lies, damn lies, and arrest statistics. Boulder: University of Colorado, Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute of Behavioral Science.
13.
Federation for American Immigration Reform. ( 2007). Illegal aliens and crime incidence: Illegal aliens represent a disproportionately high share of the prison population. Retrieved July 20, 2007, from http://www.fairus.org/site/PageServer?pagename=research_illegalsandcrime
14.
Geerken, M.R. ( 1994). Rap sheets in criminological research: Considerations and caveats. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10(1), 3-21.
15.
Government Accountability Office. (2005). Information on criminal aliens incarcerated in federal and state prisons and local jails: Briefing for congressional requesters (GAO-05-337R). Washington, DC: Author.
16.
Hagan, J., & Palloni, A. ( 1999). Sociological criminology and the mythology of Hispanic immigration and crime. Social Problems, 46, 617-632.
17.
Haviland, A., Nagin, D.S., & Rosenbaum, P.R. (2007). Combining propensity score matching and group-based trajectory analysis in an observational study. Psychological Methods, 12(3), 247-267.
18.
Hickman, L.J., & Suttorp, M.J. ( 2008). Are deportable aliens a unique threat to public safety? Comparing the recidivism of deportable and non-deportable aliens. Criminology & Public Policy, 7(1), 601-624.
19.
Hickman, L.J., Suttorp, M.J., Wong, J., & Riley, K.J. ( 2005). Deportable aliens released from the Los Angeles County Jail: A comparison of 1990, 1995, and 2002 release cohorts. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
20.
Hoefer, M., Rytina, N., & Campbell, C. ( 2006). Estimates of the unauthorized immigrant population residing in the United States: 2005. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, Policy Directorate.
21.
Hosmer, D.W., & Lemeshow, S. ( 1999). Applied survival analysis: Regression modeling of time to event data. New York: John Wiley .
22.
Hosmer, D.W., & Lemeshow, S. ( 2000). Applied logistic regression. New York : John Wiley.
23.
Kelly, C.B. ( 1977). Counting the uncountable: Estimates of undocumented aliens in the United States. Population and Development Review, 3(4), 473-481.
24.
Kirk, D.S. ( 2006). Examining the divergence across self-report and official data sources on inference about adolescent life-course of crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 22(2), 107-129.
25.
Lee, M., Martinez, R., & Rosenfeld, R. ( 2001). Does immigration increase homicide? Negative evidence from three border cities. Sociological Quarterly, 42(4), 559-580.
26.
Lunceford, J.K., & Davidian, M. ( 2004). Stratification and weighting via the propensity score in estimation of causal treatment effects: A comparative study. Statistics in Medicine, 23, 2937-2960.
27.
Martinez, R., & Lee, M. ( 2000). On immigration and crime. In G. LaFree, R. J. Bursik, J. Short, & R. B. Taylor (Eds.), The nature of crime: Continuity and change (Vol. 1, pp. 485-524). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
28.
McCaffrey, D., Ridgeway, G., & Morral, A. ( 2004). Propensity score estimation with boosted regression for evaluating causal effects in observational studies. Psychological Methods, 9(4), 403-425.
29.
McCullagh, P., & Nelder, J.A. ( 1989). Generalized linear models (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
30.
McDonald, W.F. ( 1997, June). Crime and illegal immigration: Emerging local, state, and federal partnerships. National Institute of Justice Journal, 2-10.
31.
Mears, D.P. ( 2001). The immigration-crime nexus: Toward an analytic framework for assessing and guiding theory, research, and policy. Sociological Perspectives, 44(1), 1-19.
32.
Office of Detention and Removal. (2003). Endgame: Office of detention and removal strategic plan, 2003-2012. Washington, DC: Department of Homeland Security, Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
33.
Office of the Inspector General. (1996). Immigration and Naturalization Service deportation of aliens after final orders have been issued (Report No. I-96-03). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
34.
Office of the Inspector General. (2002). Audit report: Immigration and Naturalization Service Institutional Removal Program (Report No. 02-41). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
35.
Office of the Inspector General. (2003). The Immigration and Naturalization Service’s removal of aliens issued final orders (Report No. I-2003-004). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
36.
Office of the Inspector General. (2007). Cooperation of SCAAP recipients in the removal of criminal aliens from the United States (Audit Report 07-07, Redacted- Public Version). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
37.
Olson, D.E., Dooley, B., & Kane, C.M. ( 2004). Relationship between gang membership and inmate recidivism . Chicago: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority.
38.
Passel, J.S. ( 2006, March 7). The size and characteristics of the unauthorized migrant population in the U.S.: Estimates based on the March 2005 Current Population Survey (Research report). Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center.
39.
Petersilia, J. ( 2003). When prisoners come home: Parole and prisoner reentry . New York: Oxford University Press .
40.
Petersilia, J., Turner, S., & Fain, T. ( 2000). Profiling inmates in the Los Angeles County Jail: Risks, recidivism, and release options (RAND Report DRU-2394-NIJ). Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
41.
Petersilia, J., Turner, S., Kahan, J., & Peterson, J. ( 1985). Granting felons probation: Public risks and alternatives . Executive Summary of Crime and Delinquency, 31, 379-392.
42.
Portes, A., & Rumbaut, R.G. ( 2006). Immigrant America: A portrait (3rd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
43.
Raymond, B., Hickman, L.J., Williams, E., & Riley, K.J. ( 2004). Identifying deportable aliens in the Los Angeles County Jail: Implementing the HI-CAAP federal local partnership (Working paper No. 193-LAC). Santa Monica, CA: RAND .
44.
Reid, L.W., Weiss, H., Adelman, R., & Jaret, C. ( 2005). The immigration-crime relationship: Evidence across U.S. metropolitan areas. Social Science Research, 34, 757-780.
45.
Ridgeway, G. ( 2006). Assessing the effect of race bias in post-traffic stop outcomes using propensity scores. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 22(1), 1-29.
46.
Rosenbaum, J.L. ( 1987). Social control, gender and delinquency: An analysis of drug, property and violent offenders. Justice Quarterly, 4, 117-132.
47.
Rosenbaum, P., & Rubin, D. ( 1984). Reducing the bias in observational studies using subclassification on the propensity score. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 79, 516-524.
48.
Sampson, R., Morenoff, J., & Raudenbush, S. (2005). Social anatomy of racial and ethnic disparities in violence. American Journal of Public Health, 95(2), 224-232.
49.
Summerill, J. ( 2007). Is federal immigration detention space adequate? The challenges facing ICE’s custody and detention management efforts. The Federal Lawyer, 54(4), 38-44.
50.
Tita, G., Riley, K.J., Ridgeway, G., Grammich, C., Abrahamse, A.F., & Greenwood, P. ( 2003). Reducing gun violence in East Los Angeles: Results from an intervention in East Los Angeles (Paper No. MR-1764-NIJ). Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
51.
Tonry, M. ( 1997). Ethnicity, crime and immigration: Comparative and cross-national perspectives. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
52.
Uggen, C. ( 2000). Work as a turning point in the life course of criminals: A duration model of age, employment, and recidivism. American Sociological Review, 67, 529-546.
53.
Warren, R., & Passel, J. ( 1987). A count of the uncountable: Estimates of undocumented aliens counted in the 1980 United States Census. Demography24(3), 375-393.
