Actuarial risk assessment tools for predicting interpersonal violence and criminal recidivism have proliferated in recent years, promising to enhance their use in the day-to-day operations of the criminal justice and mental health systems. The authors consider the social and political implications of using actuarial tools for social control by offering two specific challenges. First, they argue that actuarial tools are designed primarily to facilitate the efficient management of institutional resources rather than to target individuals or social conditions in need of reform. Second, they argue that the group-based nature of actuarial prediction methods may contribute to the continued marginalization of populations already at the fringes of the economic and political mainstream.
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