We tested whether a digital storytelling video on anti-Black racism could improve empathic reactions to anti-Black racism and decrease fear of Black individuals (FBI) among Asian American emerging adults, and whether these changes were associated with greater anti-racism advocacy intentions. Asian American emerging adults (Mage = 19.92; N = 205) were randomly assigned to view either storytelling or informational online videos. Data was collected before and after viewing the videos. The changes in empathic reactions and fear were analyzed using polynomial regression with response surface analysis. Those who viewed the storytelling video significantly increased their empathy and this change was significantly associated with greater individual anti-racism advocacy (IndAdv) and institutional anti-racism advocacy (IntAdv). Reductions in fear were not associated with greater advocacy. The informational video did not improve empathy but did decrease fear, which was associated with greater IndAdv. Therefore, digital storytelling videos may be a useful tool to promote advocacy against anti-Black racism.
AhnL. H.KeumB. T.MeizysG. M.ChoudryA.GomesM. A.WangL. (2022). Second-generation Asian American women’s gendered racial socialization. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 69(2), 129–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000575
2.
AldanaA.BañalesJ.Richards-SchusterK. (2019). Youth anti-racist engagement: Conceptualization, development, and validation of an anti-racism action scale. Adolescent Research Review, 4(4), 369–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-019-00113-1
3.
AnandD.HsuL. M. (2020). COVID-19 and Black Lives Matter: Examining anti-Asian racism and anti-Blackness in US education. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Higher Education, 5(1), 190–199. https://doi.org/10.32674/jimphe.v5i1.2656
ChanN. K. M.JassoF. (2021). From inter-racial solidarity to action: Minority linked fate and African American, Latina/o, and Asian American political participation. Political Behavior, 45(3), 1097–1119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-021-09750-6
7.
ChangB. ‘Benji.’ (2020). From ‘Illmatic’ to ‘Kung Flu’: Black and Asian solidarity, activism, and pedagogies in the Covid-19 Era. Postdigital Science and Education, 2(3), 741–756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00183-8
DavisA. N. (2020). Considering racial attitudes and empathic concern as predictors of prosocial behaviors among emerging adults. Race and Social Problems, 12(3), 279–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-019-09278-9
FisherW. R. (1984). Narration as a human communication paradigm: The case of public moral argument. Communication Monographs, 51(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637758409390180
13.
GeorgeD.MalleryP. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update (10a ed). Pearson.
14.
GoverA. R.HarperS. B.LangtonL. (2020). Anti-Asian hate crime during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the reproduction of inequality. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(4), 647–667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09545-1
15.
HeoM. (2009). Digital storytelling: An empirical study of the impact of digital storytelling on pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy and dispositions towards educational technology. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 18(4), 405–428.
HuL. T.BentlerP. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
18.
KarlsenS.NazrooJ. Y. (2002). Relation between racial discrimination, social class, and health among ethnic minority groups. American Journal of Public Health, 92(4), 624-631. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.92.4.624
19.
KeumB. T. (2021). Does witnessing racism online promote individual and institutional anti- racism advocacy among White individuals? The role of White empathy, white guilt, and White fear of other races. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(11), 756–761. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0629
20.
KeumB. T.AhnL. H.ChoiA. Y.ChoudhryA.NguyenM.MeizysG. M.ChuA.HearnsM. (2023). Asian American Men’s Gendered Racial Socialization and Fragmented Masculinity: Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. The Counseling Psychologist, 51(5), 684–718. https://doi.org/10.1177/00110000231170310
21.
KeumB. T.ChoiA. Y. (2022). COVID-19 racism, depressive symptoms, drinking to cope motives, and alcohol use severity among Asian American emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 10(6), 1591–1601. https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968221117421
22.
KeumB. T.HearnsM.AgarwalP.NguyenM. (2022). Online digital storytelling video on promoting men’s intentions to seek counselling for depression: The role of empathy. International Journal Of Social Psychiatry, 68(7), 1363–1372. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211023532
23.
KeumB. T.HearnsM.AgarwalP.NguyenM. (2022). Online digital storytelling video on promoting men’s intentions to seek counselling for depression: The role of empathy. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(7), 1363–1372. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211023532
24.
KeumB. T.HillC. E.KivlighanD. M.Jr.LuY. (2018). Group- and individual-level self-stigma reductions in promoting psychological help-seeking attitudes among college students in helping skills courses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(5), 661–668. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000283
25.
KeumB. T.MillerM. J. (2017). Racism in digital era: Development and initial validation of the Perceived Online Racism Scale (PORS v1.0). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(3), 310–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000205
26.
KeumB. T.MillerM. J. (2018). Racism on the Internet: Conceptualization and recommendations for research. Psychology of Violence, 8(6), 782–791. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000201
27.
KeumB. T.MillerM. J.LeeM.ChenG. A. (2018). Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale for Asian Americans: Testing the factor structure and measurement invariance across generational status. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 9(2), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1037/aap0000100
28.
KeumB. T.OgrodniczukJ. S. (2023). The Role of First-Person Depression Storytelling Online Video on Men’s Self-Stigma of Seeking Help, Traditional Masculinity Ideology, and Psychological Help-Seeking Attitudes. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 31(2), 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/10608265221108511
29.
Khan-CullorsP.BandeleA.DavisA. Y. (2018). When they call you a terrorist: A Black Lives Matter memoir. St. Martin’s Press.
KimE. H. (1998). “At least you’re not Black”: Asian Americans in U.S. race relations. Social Justice, 25(3[73]), 3–12. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29767082
32.
KochiyamaY.HugginsE.KaoM. U. (2009). “Stirrin’ waters” ‘n buildin’ bridges: A conversation with Ericka Huggins and Yuri Kochiyama. Amerasia Journal, 35(1), 140–167. https://doi.org/10.17953/amer.35.1.004j1162n8646161
33.
KrauseR. J.RuckerD. D. (2020). Strategic storytelling: When narratives help versus hurt the persuasive power of facts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46(2), 216–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167219853845
34.
KreuterM. W.GreenM. C.CappellaJ. N.SlaterM. D.WiseM. E.StoreyD.ClarkE. M.O’KeefeD. J.ErwinD. O.HolmesK.HinyardL. J.HoustonT.WoolleyS. (2007). Narrative communication in cancer prevention and control: A framework to guide research and application. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33(3), 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02879904
35.
LeeH.FawcettJ.DeMarcoR. (2016). Storytelling/narrative theory to address health communication with minority populations. Applied Nursing Research, 30, 58–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2015.09.004
36.
LeeH.LeiQ.SuG.ZhangS. (2022). Acknowledging anti-Blackness, overlooking anti-Asian racism: Missed developmental opportunities for Chinese American youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 32(3), 1064–1082. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12749
37.
LeeS. J.XiongC. P.PhengL. M.Neng VangM. (2020). “Asians for Black lives, not Asians for Asians”: Building Southeast Asian American and Black solidarity. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 51(4), 405–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/aeq.12354
38.
MannellJ.AhmadL.AhmadA. (2018). Narrative storytelling as mental health support for women experiencing gender-based violence in Afghanistan. Social Science & Medicine, 214, 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.011
39.
MatrianoR.AtkinA. L.YooH. C.GabrielA. K. (2021). Asian American college students’ support for Black Lives Matter: Role of internalizing the model minority myth and critical reflection. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 12(4), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1037/aap0000250
40.
MurphyS. T.FrankL. B.ChatterjeeJ. S.Baezconde-GarbanatiL. (2013). Narrative versus nonnarrative: The role of identification, transportation, and emotion in reducing health disparities. Journal of Communication, 63(1), 116–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12007
41.
NguyenT. T.CrissS.MichaelsE. K.CrossR. I.MichaelsJ. S.DwivediP.HuangD.HsuE.MukhijaK.NguyenL. H.YardiI.AllenA. M.NguyenQ. C.GeeG. C. (2021). Progress and push-back: How the killings of Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, and George Floyd impacted public discourse on race and racism on Twitter. SSM - Population Health, 15(100922), 100922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100922
42.
PaliouraM.DimoulasC. (2022). Digital storytelling in education: A transmedia integration approach for the non-developers. Education Sciences, 12(8), 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080559
43.
PhengL. M.XiongC. P. (2022). What is social justice research for Asian Americans? Critical reflections on cross-racial and cross-ethnic coalition building in community-based educational spaces. Educational Studies, 58(3), 337–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2022.2033749
44.
PieterseA. L.UtseyS. O.MillerM. J. (2016). Development and initial validation of the Anti-Racism Behavioral Inventory (ARBI). Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 29(4), 356–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2015.1101534
45.
PieterseA. L.LewisJ. A.MillerM. J. (2023). Dismantling and eradicating anti-Blackness and systemic racism. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 70(3), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000660
46.
ShanockL. R.BaranB. E.GentryW. A.PattisonS. C.HeggestadE. D. (2010). Polynomial regression with response surface analysis: A powerful approach for examining moderation and overcoming limitations of difference scores. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(4), 543–554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9183-4
47.
SitterK. C.CurnewA. H. (2016). The application of social media in social work community practice. Social Work Education, 35(3), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2015.1131257
48.
SpaniermanL. B.HeppnerM. J. (2004). Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites Scale (PCRW): Construction and initial validation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(2), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.2.249
StephanW. G.FinlayK. (1999). The role of empathy in improving intergroup relations. Journal of Social Issues, 55(4), 729–743. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00144
51.
The Guardian (Director). (2016, January 13). Are you racist? “No” isn’t a good enough answer–Marlon James | Comment is Free. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jm5DWa2bpbs
52.
TranN.NakamuraN.KimG. S.KheraG. S.AhnAllenJ. M. (2018). #APIsforBlackLives: Unpacking the interracial discourse on the Asian American Pacific Islander and Black communities. Community Psychology in Global Perspective, 4(2), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1285/i24212113v4i2p73
53.
WaltonJ.TruongM. (2023). A review of the model minority myth: Understanding the social, educational and health impacts. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 46(3), 391–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2022.2121170
WongD. (2021). The future is ours to build: Asian American abolitionist counterstories for Black liberation. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 10(3), 493–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1982737
Yellow HorseA. J.KuoK.SeatonE. K.VargasE. D. (2021). Asian Americans’ indifference to Black Lives Matter: The role of nativity, belonging and acknowledgment of anti-Black racism. Social Sciences, 10(5), 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10050168
58.
YiJ.ToddN. R. (2021). Internalized model minority myth among Asian Americans: Links to anti-Black attitudes and opposition to affirmative action. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 27(4), 569–578. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000448
59.
YuJ.CheahC. S. L.HartC. H.SunS.OlsenJ. A. (2015). Confirming the multidimensionality of psychologically controlling parenting among Chinese-American mothers: Love withdrawal, guilt induction, and shaming. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 39(3), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025414562238
