Participatory action research (PAR) represents an approach that is deeply consonant with counseling psychology’s commitments to social equity and action. However, counseling psychologists who would like to study this literature, or who would like to write about a project of their own, may discover that the reporting of PAR is not straightforward: PAR is a fluid, multifaceted, co-created, idiosyncratic process that does not necessarily correspond to established report-writing conventions. In this article, the authors present best-practices suggestions for writing about PAR based on an analysis of PAR articles published between 2000 and 2008.
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Bradley, B.S., Deighton, J., & Selby, J. ( 2004). The "Voices" project: Capacity-building in community development for youth at risk. Journal of Health Psychology , 9(2), 197-212.
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Brydon-Miller, M. ( 1997). Participatory action research: Psychology and social change. Journal of Social Issues, 53, 657-666.
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Burke, A., McMillan, J., Cummins, L., Thompson, A., Forsyth, W., McLellan, J., . . . Wright, D. ( 2003). Setting up participatory research: A discussion of the initial stages. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31(2), 65-69.
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Burstein, K., Bryan, T., & Chao, P.C. ( 2005). Promoting self-determination skills among youth with special health needs using participatory action research. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 7(2), 185-201.
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Cammarota, J., & Fine, M. ( 2008). Youth participatory action research. In J. Cammarota & M. Fine (Eds.), Revolutionizing education (pp. 1-12). New York: Routledge.
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Capobianco, B.M. ( 2007). Science teachers’ attempts at integrating feminist pedagogy through collaborative action research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44, 1-32.
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Cascio, W.F., & Aguinis, H. ( 2008). Research in industrial and organizational psychology from 1963 to 2007: Changes, choices, and trends. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1062-1081.
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Dickson, G., & Green, K.L. ( 2001). Participatory action research: Lessons learned with Aboriginal grandmothers. Health Care for Women International, 22(5), 471-482.
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Fals-Borda, O. ( 1991). Remaking knowledge. In O. Fals-Borda & M. A. Rahman (Eds.), Action and knowledge: Breaking the monopoly with participatory action research (pp. 146-166). New York: Apex.
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Fine, M., & Barreras, R. ( 2007). To be of use. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 1, 175-183.
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Fine, M., & Torre, M.E. ( 2006). Intimate details: Participatory action research in prison . Action Research, 4, 253-269.
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Fort, J.G. ( 2007). Improving the health of African American men: Experiences from the Targeting Cancer in Blacks (TCiB) project. Journal of Men’s Health & Gender, 4, 428-439.
Goodman, L.A., Liang, B., Helms, J.E., Latta, R.E., Sparks, E., & Weintraub, S. ( 2004). Training counseling psychologists as social justice agents: Feminist and multicultural perspectives. The Counseling Psychologist , 32(6), 793-837.
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Gosin, M.N., Dustman, P.A., Drapeau, A.E., & Harthun, M.L. ( 2003). Participatory action research: Creating an effective prevention curriculum for adolescents in the Southwestern US. Health Education Research, 18(3), 363-379.
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Graziano, K.J. ( 2004). Oppression and resiliency in a post-apartheid South Africa: Unheard voices of Black gay men and lesbians. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(3), 302-316.
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Guishard, M., Fine, M., Doyle, C., Jackson, J., Staten, T., & Webb, A. (2005). The Bronx on the move: Participatory consultation with mothers and youth. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 16, 35-54.
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Herr, K., & Anderson, G.L. (2005). The action research dissertation . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Lennie, J. ( 2005). An evaluation capacity-building process for sustainable community IT initiatives: Empowering and disempowering impacts. Evaluation: The International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice, 11, 390-414.
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Lykes, M.B. ( 1994). Terror, silencing, and children. Social Science and Medicine, 38, 543-552.
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Lykes, M.B. ( 1997). Activist participatory research among the Maya of Guatemala: Constructing meaning from situated knowledge. Journal of Social Issues, 53, 725-746.
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Lykes, M.B. ( 2000). Possible contributions of a psychology of liberation: Whither health and human rights? Journal of Health Psychology , 5, 383-397.
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Maguire, P. ( 1987). Doing participatory research: A feminist approach. Amherst: University of Massachusetts.
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Mahoney, K.T., Buboltz, W.C., Soper, B., Doverspike, D., & Simoneaux, B.J. (2008). Content analysis of Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research (Volumes 44-59). Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 60, 246-258.
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McIntyre, A. ( 2000). Constructing meaning about violence, school, and community: Participatory action research with urban youth. Urban Review , 32(2), 123-154.
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Metzler, M.M., Higgins, D.L., Beeker, C.G., Freudenberg, N., Lantz, P.M., Senturia, K.D., . . . Softley, D. ( 2003). Addressing urban health in Detroit, New York City, and Seattle through community-based participatory research partnerships. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 803-811.
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Mohatt, G.V., Hazel, K.L., Allen, J., Stachelrodt, M., Hensel, C., & Fath, R. ( 2004). Unheard Alaska: Culturally anchored participatory action research on sobriety with Alaska Natives. American Journal of Community Psychology, 33, 263-273.
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Morsillo, J., & Prilleltensky, I. (2007). Social action with youth: Interventions, evaluation, and psychopolitical validity. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(6), 725-740.
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Ochocka, J., Janzen, R., & Nelson, G. ( 2002). Sharing power and knowledge: Professional and mental health consumer/survivor researchers working together in a participatory action research project. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 25(4), 379-387.
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Payne, Y.A. ( 2008). "Street life" as a site of resiliency: How street life-oriented Black men frame opportunity in the United States. Journal of Black Psychology, 34, 3-31.
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Percy-Smith, B. ( 2007). "You think you know? You have no idea": Youth participation in health policy development. Health Education Research, 22, 879-894.
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Prilleltensky, I. ( 2003). Understanding, resisting, and overcoming oppression: Toward psychopolitical validity. American Journal of Community Psychology, 31, 195-201.
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Shannon, K., Kerr, T., Allinott, S., Chettiar, J., Shoveller, J., & Tyndall, M.W. ( 2007). Social and structural violence and power relations in mitigating HIV risk of drug-using women in survival sex work. Social Science and Medicine, 66, 911-921.
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Smith, L. ( 2010). Psychology, poverty, and social exclusion: Putting our practice to work. New York: Teachers College Press.
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Smith, L., & Romero, L. ( 2010). Psychological interventions in the context of poverty: Participatory action research as practice. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80, 12-25.
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Smith, L., Romero, L., Sepulveda, L., Combris, S., Guishard, M., Tuck, E., & CREDD (Collective of Researchers on Educational Disappointment and Desire). (2007). Nothing about us without us: The challenges and possibilities of participatory action research. Symposium presented at the annual conference of the Teachers College/Columbia University Winter Roundtable , New York, NY.
39.
Smith, S.E. ( 1997). Deepening participatory action research. In S. E. Smith, D. G. Willms, & N. J. Johnson (Eds.), Nurtured by knowledge (pp. 173-263). New York: Apex.
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Speight, S.L., & Vera, E.M. ( 2004). A social justice agenda: Ready or not? The Counseling Psychologist, 32, 109-118.
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Torre, M.E., & Fine, M. ( 2005). Bar none: Extending Affirmative Action to higher education in prison. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 569-594.
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Vera, E.M., & Speight, S.L. ( 2003). Multicultural competence, social justice, and counseling psychology: Expanding our roles. The Counseling Psychologist , 31, 253-272.
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Wang, C.C., & Burris, M.A. ( 1997). Photovoice: Concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment. Health Education and Behavior, 24, 369-387.
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Westfall, J.M., Van Vorst, R.F., Main, D.S., & Herbert, C. ( 2006). Community-based participatory research in practice-based research networks. Annals of Family Medicine, 4, 8-14.
45.
Williams, J., & Lykes, M.B. ( 2003). Bridging theory and practice: Using reflexive cycles in feminist participatory action research. Feminism and Psychology , 13, 287-294.
