The central notion in neo-functionalist integration theories is the idea that integration in one sector has an inherently expansive character, encapsulated in the `spill-over' concept. It is demonstrated that the cooperation in the European Community on aspects of general education, which was initiated in the early 1970s and strengthened after the mid-1980s, cannot be explained in such terms. The increased level of integration in the educational field has to be accounted for as a response to economic and political changes beyond the range of the Community's institutions and original plans. This confirms a conclusion that neo-functional integration theory, as a separate set of theories on developments in international relations, belongs to a bygone era.
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