The problem discussed herein is whether familiar static (unchanging) and dynamic (changing) influences on dissent can interact, resulting in quite unfamiliar effects on dissent and justifying a synthesis of separate static and dynamic theories. The argument is that such influences can interact even in conventional ways in a spatiotemporal matrix, altering one another's effects unexpectedly (given current theories) on all phases of dissent from initial motivation to eventual diffusion; a tentative theoretical synthesis is thus offered. Implications include greater anticipatory adaptation to dissent by governments, renewed optimism for broad-gauge and unified theory, and reinterpretation of organized complexity's import for dissent.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ALLAN, P. (1980) “Diplomatic time and climate—a formal model.”J. of Peace Science4, 2: 133-150.
AVERCH, H. A. , J. E. KOEHLER, and F. H. DENTON (1971) The Matrix of Policy in the Philippines. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.
4.
BECK, C. (1973) “Leadership attributes in Eastern Europe: the effect of country and time,” pp. 86-153 in C. Beck, F. J. Fleron, Jr., M. Lodge, D. J. Waller, W. A. Welsh, and M. G. Zaninovich, Comparative Communist Political Leadership. New York: McKay.
5.
BELL, J. B. (1975) Transnational Terror. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.
6.
BERLINSKI, D. J. (1976) On Systems Analysis. Cambridge: MIT Press.
7.
BIEN, D. D. and R. GREW (1978) “France,” pp. 219-270 in R. Grew (ed.) Crises of Political Development in Europe and the United States. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.
8.
BLALOCK, H. M., Jr. (1969) Theory Construction. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
9.
BRINTON, C. (1965) The Anatomy of Revolution. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
10.
BRODBECK, M. (1958) “Methodological individualisms: definition and reduction.”Philosophy of Sci.25 (January): 1-22.
11.
BROWN, B. E. (1974) Protest in Paris: Anatomy of a Revolt. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
12.
BRZESKI, A. (1971) “Poland as a catalyst of change in the communist economic system.”Polish Rev.16: 3-24.
13.
CAPPS, D. L. (1972) “The citizen, administration, and politics in post-welfare Britain,” pp. 146-187 in M. Hancock and G. Sjoberg (eds.) Politics in the Post-Welfare State. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
14.
COLEMAN, J. S. (1968) “The mathematical study of change,” pp. 428-478 in H. Blalock and A. Blalock (eds.) Methodology in Social Research. New York: McGraw-Hill.
15.
CROSBY, F. (1979) “Relative deprivation revisited: a response to Miller, Bolce, and Halligan.”Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev.73 (March): 103-112.
16.
DAHL, R. A. (1970) After the Revolution?New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
17.
DAVIES, J. C. (1969) “The J-curve of rising and declining satisfactions as a cause of some great revolutions and a contained rebellion,” pp. 690-730 in H. Graham and T. Gurr (eds.) Violence in America: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. New York: Bantam.
18.
DAVIES, J. C. (1962) “Toward a theory of revolution.”Amer. Soc. Rev.27 (February): 5-19.
19.
DAVIS, H. T. (1948) Political Statistics. Evanston: Northwestern Univ. Press.
20.
ECKSTEIN, H. (1965) “On the etiology of internal wars.”History and Theory4, 2: 133-163.
21.
ELLIS, J. (1974) Armies in Revolution. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
22.
FEIERABEND, I. K. , R. L. FEIERABEND, and B. A. NESVOLD (1973) “The comparative study of revolution and violence.”Comparative Politics5 (April): 393-424.
23.
FLANIGAN, W. H. and E. FOGELMAN (1970) “Patterns of political violence in comparative historical perspective.”Comparative Politics3 (October): 1-20.
24.
GERMINO, D. (1975) “The contemporary relevance of the classics of political philosophy,” pp. 229-283 in F. Greenstein and N. Polsby (eds.) Handbook of Political Science, Vol. I. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
25.
GESCHWENDER, J. A. (1968) “Explorations in the theory of social movements and revolutions.”Social Forces47 (December): 127-135.
26.
GREW, R. (1978) “Italy,” pp. 271-311 in R. Grew (ed.) Crises of Political Development in Europe and the United States. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.
27.
GROFMAN, B. N. and E. N. MULLER (1973) “The strange case of relative gratification and potential for political violence: the V-curve hypothesis.”Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev.67 (June): 514-539.
28.
GUDE, E. W. (1969) “Batista and Betancourt: alternative responses to violence,” pp. 731-748 in H. Graham and T. Gurr (eds.) Violence in America: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. New York: Bantam.
29.
GURR, T. R. (1970) Why Men Rebel. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.
30.
GURR, T. R. and R. DUVALL (1973) “Civil conflict in the 1960s: a reciprocal theoretical system with parameter estimates.”Comparative Pol. Studies6 (July): 135-169.
31.
HAMMOND, T. T. (1975) “The history of communist takeovers,” pp. 1-45 in T. Hammond (ed.) The Anatomy of Communist Takeovers. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
32.
HARSANYI, J. C. (1960) “Explanation and comparative dynamics in social science.”Behavioral Sci.5 (April): 136-145.
33.
HAZLEWOOD, L. A. (1973) “Concept and measurement stability in the study of conflict behavior within nations.”Comparative Pol. Studies6 (July): 171-195.
34.
HIBBS, D. A., Jr. (1976) Industrial conflict in advanced industrial societies.”Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev.70 (December): 1033-1058.
35.
HIRSCHMAN, A. O. (1970) Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.
36.
HUMPHREY, R. A. and J. LYNCH [eds.] (1965) The Origins of the Latin American Revolutions, 1808-1826. New York: Knopf.
37.
HUNTINGTON, S. P. (1968) Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
38.
JOHNSON, C. (1973) Autopsy on People's War. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
39.
JOHNSON, C. (1966) Revolutionary Change. Boston: Little, Brown.
KLINGMAN, D. (1980) “Temporal and spatial diffusion in the comparative analysis of social change.”Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev.74 (March): 123-137.
42.
KOTHARI, R. (1973) “India: oppositions in a consensual polity,” pp. 305-340 in R. Dahl (ed.) Regimes and Oppositions. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
43.
LANE, D. (1973) “The role of social groups,” pp. 302-326 in D. Lane and G. Polankiewicz (eds.) Social Groups in Polish Society. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
44.
LI, R.P.Y. and W. R. THOMPSON (1975) “The coup contagion hypothesis.”J. of Conflict Resolution19 (March): 63-88.
45.
LIPSET, S. M. (1960) Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
46.
McKAY, D. H. (1979) “The United States in crisis: a review of the American political literature.”Government and Opposition14: 375-385.
47.
MADDALA, G. S. (1971) “The use of variance components models in pooling cross section and time series data.”Econometrica39 (March): 341-358.
48.
MERRIMAN, R. B. (1938) Six Contemporaneous Revolutions. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
49.
MILLER, A. H. , L. H. BOLCE, and M. HALLIGAN (1977) “The J-curve theory and the black urban riots: an empirical test of progressive relative deprivation theory.”Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev.71 (September): 964-982.
50.
MITCHELL, E. J. (1969) “Some econometrics of the Huk rebellion.”Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev.63 (December): 1159-1171.
51.
MOON, J. D. (1975) “The logic of political inquiry: a synthesis of opposed perspectives,” pp. 131-228 in F. Greenstein and N. Polsby (eds.) Handbook of Political Science, Vol. I. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
52.
MOSCA, G. (1939) The Ruling Class (H. Kahn, trans.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
53.
NACHMIAS, D. (1979) Public Policy Evaluation. New York: St. Martin's.
54.
NORDLINGER, E. A. (1968) “Political development: time sequences and rates of change.”World Politics20 (April): 494-520.
55.
OBERSCHALL, A. (1973) Social Conflict and Social Movements. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
56.
OLSON, M., Jr. (1963) “Rapid growth as a destabilizing force.”J. of Economic History23 (December): 529-552.
57.
REJAI, M. (1973) The Strategy of Political Revolution. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
58.
RUDÉ, G. (1964) The Crowd in History: A Study of Popular Disturbances in France and England, 1730-1848. New York: John Wiley.
59.
RUSSETT, B. M. (1964) “Inequality and instability: the relation of land tenure to politics.”World Politics16 (April): 442-454.
60.
SMITH, F. J. and W. J. CRANO (1977) “Patterns of cultural diffusion: analyses of trait associations across societies by content and geographical proximity.”Behavior Sci. Research12: 145-167.
61.
SOFRANKO, A. J. and R. C. BEALER (1972) Unbalanced Modernization and Domestic Instability: A Comparative Analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
62.
TSURUTANI, T. (1976) “Japan as a postindustrial society,” pp. 100-125 in L. Lindberg (ed.) Politics and the Future of Industrial Society. New York: McKay.
63.
VON DER MEHDEN, F. R. (1973) Comparative Political Violence. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
64.
WEDGE, B. (1969) “The case study of student political violence: Brazil, 1964, and Dominican Republic, 1965.”World Politics21 (January): 183-206.
65.
ZAGORIA, D. (1971) “The ecology of peasant communism in India.”Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev.65 (March): 144-160.
66.
ZOLBERG, A. (1978) “Belgium,” pp. 99-138 in R. Grew (ed.) Crises of Political Development in Europe and the United States. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.
