Few studies have measured long-term growth in infants fed soy protein-based formulas. The effect of nucleotide (NT) supplementation of soy protein-based infant formulas on growth is unknown. Growth was therefore evaluated in healthy term infants fed a soy protein-based formula (SOY; n=73), SOY with added NT (72 mg added NT/L) at human milk (HM) levels (SOYN, n=73), or mixed feeding (MF, n=67) in a randomized, masked, parallel 1-year feeding study. The MF group (a nonrandomized reference group) was fed HM exclusively from birth to 2 months of age followed by HM and/or a standard milk-based formula (Similac® with Iron with no supplemental NTs) to 1 year of age. Results indicated that growth (weight, length, and head circumference) was normal and comparable among the three groups. All three groups had similar plasma albumin (at 2 months of age) and hemoglobin levels (at 12 months of age). Thus, this study demonstrated similar growth in the first year of life among infants fed MF feeding or soy formula with or without supplemental NTs.
2. Hill LW, Stuart HC. A soy bean food preparation for feeding infants with milk idiosyncrasy. JAMA. 1929;93:985-987.
3.
3. Committee on Nutrition, American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatric Nutrition Handbooked 3. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 1993:17-18.
4.
4. Committee on Nutrition, American Academy of Pediatrics. Soy proteinbased formulas; recommendations of use in infant feeding. Pediatrics. 1998;101:48-153.
5.
5. Thomson WA. Infant formula and the use of vegetable proteins. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1979;54:386-388.
6.
6. Rackis JJ: Flatulence caused by soya and its control through processing. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1981;58:503-505.
7.
7. Brown KH. Dietary management of acute diarrhea disease. Contemporary scientific issues. J Nutr. 1994; 124:1455S-1460S.
8.
8. Businco L, Bruno G, Giampietro PG, et al. Allergenicity and nutritional adequacy of soy protein formulas.J Pediatr.1992;121:S21-S28.
9.
9. Churella HR, Borschel MW, Thomas MR, et al. Growth and protein status of term infants fed soy protein formulas differing in protein content. J Am Col Nutr. 1994;13:262-267.
10.
10. Kohler L, Meeuwisse G, Mortensson W: Food intake and growth of infants between six and twenty-six weeks of age on breast milk, cow's milk formula, or soy formula. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1984;73:40-48.
11.
11. Graham GG, Placko RP, Morales E, et al. Dietary protein quality in infants and children. VI. Isolated soy protein milk. Am JDis Child. 1970;120:419-423.
12.
12. Fomon SJ, Ziegler EE. Isolated soy protein in infant feeding. In: Steinke FH, Waggle DH, Volgarev MN, eds. New Protein Foods in Human Health: Nutrition, Prevention, and Therapy. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc; 1992:75-83.
13.
13. Pickering LK, Granoff DM, Erickson JR, et al. Modulation of the immune system by human milk and infant formula containing nucleotides. Pediatrics. 1998;101:242-249.
14.
14. Leach HM, Baxter JH, Molitor BE, et al. Total potentially available nucleosides of human milk by stage of lactation. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61:1224-1230.
15.
15. Janas LM, Picciano MF. The nucleotide profiles of human milk. Pediatr Res. 1982;16:659-662.
16.
16. Gil A, Uauy R. Nucleotides and related compounds in human and bovine milks. In: Jensen RG, ed. Handbooks of Milk Composition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1995:436-464.
17.
17. Cosgrove M, Davies DP, Jenkins HR. Nucleotide supplementation and the growth of term small for gestational age infants. Arch Dis Child. 1996;74: F122-F125.
18.
18. Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics. Recommended schedule for immunization of healthy infants and children. Pediatrics. 1994;94:131-131.
19.
19. American Academy of Pediatrics/ Committee on Nutrition. Pediatric Nutrition Handbook. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 1993:190, 360-361.
20.
20. Gordon CC, Chumlea WC, Roche ARStature, recumbent length, and weight. In: Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, eds. Anthropometic Standardization Reference ManualChampaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books; 1988:3-8.
21.
21. Callaway CW, Chumlea WC, Bouchard C, et al. Circumference. In: Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, eds. Anthropometic Standardization Reference Manual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books; 1988:39-54.
22.
22. SAS Institute Inc.SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 6.08. Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 1994.
23.
23. Hamill PW, Drizd TA,Johnson CL, et al. Physical growth: National Center for Health Statistics percentiles. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979;32:607-629.
25. Hay Jr WW, Grothuis JR, Hayward AR, Levin MJ. Current Pediatric Diagnosis and Treatmented 12. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange; 1995:1202-1210.
26.
26. Fomon SJ, Ziegler EE, Filer LJJr, et al. Growth and serum chemical values of normal breast-fed infants. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1978;273 (Suppl):1-29.
27.
27. Fomon SJ, Thomas LN, Filer LJ Jr, et al. Food consumption and growth of normal infants fed milk-based formulas. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1971;223 (Suppl): 1-36.
28.
28. Harrison GG, Graver EJ, Vargas M, et al. Growth and adiposity of term infants fed whey-predominant or caseinpredominant formulas or human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1987;6:739-747.
29.
29. Dewey KB, Peerson JM, Brown KH, et al. Growth of breast-fed infants deviates from current reference data: a pooled analysis of US, Canadian, and European Data Sets. Pediatrics. 1995; 96:495-503.
30.
30. Victora CG, Morris SS, Barros FC, et al. The NCHS reference and the growth of breast and bottle-fed infants.JNutr. 1998;128:1134-1138.
31.
31. Nagai N, Usui T, Akaishi KIoi S. The effect of supplementation of nucleotides to commercial milk on weight gain of premature and healthy infants. Ann Paediatr Japonici. 1963; 9:169-175.
32.
32. George DR, De Francesca BA. Human milk in comparison to cow milk. In: Textbook of Gastroenterology and Nutrition in Infancy and Childhooded 2. New York: Raven Press; 1989:242-243.
