Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) occurs more frequently in certain adult populations, including African-Americans. Recently an increase in the incidence of NIDDM has been observed among African-American youths in Arkansas. Clinical presentations among these youths vary from asymptomatic to severe diabetic ketoacidosis. From a chart review, data were exam ined to determine which physical, biochemical, and autoimmune characteristics were most helpful in appropriate classification of NIDDM vs insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). It is apparent that several diagnostic and treatment issues need to be addressed to improve the management of African-American youths with NIDDM. Clin Pediatr. 1998;37:97-102
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