Bilirubin in the Brain

Schmorl G. Zur Kenntnis des ikterus neonatorum. Verh Dtsch Pathol Ges . 1904;6:109-115.

Hansen Twr , Bratlid D. Bilirubin and brain toxicity. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1986; 75:513-522.

Doyle LW , Keir E. , Kitchen WH , et al. Audiological assessment of extremely low birthweight infants: a preliminary report. Pediatrics. 1992;90:744-749.

Watchko JF , Oski FA Kernicterus in preterm newborns: past, present and future. Pediatrics, 1992;90:707-715.

Newman TB , Maisels MJ Evaluation and treatment of jaundice in the term newborn: a kinder, gentler approach. Pediatrics. 1992;89:809-818.

Day RL Inhibition of brain respiration in vitro by bilirubin: Reversal of inhibition by various means. Am J Dis Child. 1954;88:504-506.

Zetterström R. , Ernster L. Bilirubin, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria. Nature. 1956;178:1335-1337.

Karp WB Biochemical alterations in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin encephalopathy: A review. Pediatrics. 1979 ;64:361-368.

Thaler MM Bilirubin toxicity in rat hepatoma cells. Nature New BioL 1971;230:218-219.

Rosenstein BS , Ducore JM Enhancement by bilirubin of DNA damage induced in human cells exposed to phototherapy light. Pediatr Res. 1984;18:3-6.

Rosenstein BS , Ducore JM , Cummings SW The mechanism of bilirubin-photosensitized DNA strand breakage in human cells exposed to phototherapy light. Mutat Res. 1983;112:397-406.

Greenfield S. , Nandi Majumdar AP. Bilirubin encephalopathy: Effect on protein synthesis in the brain of the Gunn rat. J Neurol Sci. 1974;22:83-89.

Morphis L. , Constantopoulos A. , Matsaniotis N. Bilirubin-induced modulation of cerebral protein phosphorylation in neonate rabbits in vivo. Science. 1982;218:156-158.

Ahlfors CE , Shoemaker CT , Bennett SH , Ellis WG Bilirubin associated abnormalities of the auditory brainstem response in an infant rhesus monkey model. Pediatr Res. 1984 ;18:308A. Abstract.

Chisin R. , Perlman M. , Sohmer H. Cochlear and brainstem responses in hearing loss following neonatal hyperbilirubinemia . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1979;88:352-357.

Perlman M. , Fainmesser P. , Sohmer H. , et al. Auditory nerve-brainstem evoked responses in hyperbilirubinemic neonates. Pediatrics. 1983;72:658-664.

Lenhardt ML , McArtor R. , Bryant B. Effects of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia on the brainstem electric response. J Pediatr. 1984;104:281-284.

Hansen Twr , Cashore WJ , Oh W. Changes in piglet auditory brainstem response amplitudes without increases in serum or cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase. Pediatr Res. 1992;32:524-529.

Wennberg RP , Hance AJ Experimental bilirubin encephalopathy: Importance of total bilirubin, protein binding, and blood-brain barrier. Pediatr Res. 1986;20: 789-792.

Hansen Twr , Paulsen O. , Gjerstad L. , Bratlid D. Short-term exposure to bilirubin reduces synaptic activation in rat transverse hippocampal slices. Pediatr Res. 1988;23:453-456.

Hansen Twr , Bratlid D. , Walaas SI Bilirubin decreases phosphorylation of synapsin I, a synaptic vesicle-associated neuronal phosphoprotein, in intact synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex. PediatrRes. 1988;23:219-223.

Hansen Twr , Walaas SI Concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of bilirubin (B) on phosphorylation of some proteins. Pediatr Res. 1988;24: 264A. Abstract.

Scarna H. , Delafosses B. , Steinberg R. , et al. Neuron-specific enolase as a marker of neuronal lesions during various comas in man. Neurchem Int. 1982;4:405-411.

Royds JA , Davis-Jones Gab , Lewtas NA , et al. Enolase isoenzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with diseases of the nervous system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry . 1983;46:1031-1036.

Semba R. , Kato K. Increased nervous system-specific enolases in rat plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in bilirubin encephalopathy detected in enzyme immunoassays. J Neurochem. 1982 ;39:360-365.

Bratlid D. , Cashore WJ , Brubakk A-M. , Oh W. Bilirubin displacement by sulfisoxazole: entry of unbound bilirubin into the brain. Pediatr Res. 1984;18: 150A. Abstract.

Jacobsen J. , Wennberg RP Determination of unbound bilirubin in the serum ofnewborns. Clin Chem. 1974;20:783-789.

Ahdab-Barmada M. Neonatal kemicterus: neuropathologic diagnosis . In: Levine RL , Maisels MJ , eds. Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn. Report of the 85th Ross Conference on Pediatric Research. Columbus, Ohio: Ross Laboratories; 1983:2-8.

Ahdab-Barmada M. , Moossy J. The neuropathology of kernicterus in the premature neonate: Diagnostic problems. JNeuropathol Exp Neurol. 1984;43:45-56.

Levine RL Bilirubin and the blood-brain barrier. In: Levine RL , Maisels MJ. eds. Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn. Report of the 85th Ross Conference on Pediatric Research. Columbus, Ohio: Ross Laboratories ; 1983:125-129.

Kozuki K. , Oh W. , Widness J. , Cashore WJ Increase in bilirubin binding to albumin with correction of neonatal acidosis . Acta Paediatr Scand. 1979;68:213-217.

Brodersen R. Bilirubin solubility and interaction with albumin and phospholipids . J Biol Chem. 1979; 254:2364-2369.

Perlman M. , Kapitulnik J. , Blondheim SH , et al. Bilirubin binding and neonatal acidosis. Clin Chem. 1981 ;7:1872-1874.

Diamond I. , Schmid R. Experimental bilirubin encephalopathy. The mode of entry of bilirubin-14C into the central nervous system. J Clin Invest. 1966;45:678-689.

ManzoorAA. Neonatal jaundice in Pakistan. J Trop Pediatr. 1984;30:213-216.

Dubois B. , Sender A. , Pajot N. , et al. Etude critique de la bilirubine érythrocytaire et des facteurs prédictifs de l'ictère nucléaire chez le prémature de faible poids de naissance . Arch Fr Pediatr. 1987;44:843-848.

Hansen Twr , Odden J-P. , Bratlid D. Effects of hyperoxia on entry of bilirubin and albumin into rat brain . J Perinatol. 1987;7:217-220.

Hansen Twr , Poulsen JP , Bratlid D. The effects of hypoxanthine, xanthine oxidase and hyperoxia on the accumulation of bilirubin and albumin in young rat brain. Early Hum Dev. 1992;30:171-177.

Bratlid D. , Cashore WJ , Oh W. Effect of acidosis on bilirubin deposition in rat brain. Pediatrics, 1984;73:431-434.

Chen S. , Cashore WJ , Oh W. Gram-negative bacteremia does not increase albumin or bilirubin content in brains of adult rats. Pediatr Res. 1984 ;18:271A. Abstract.

Hansen Twr , Maynard EC , Cashore WJ , Oh W. Endotoxemia and brain bilirubin in the rat. Biol Neonate. 1993;63:171-176.

Burgess GH , Stonestreet BS , Cashore WJ , Oh W. Brain bilirubin deposition and brain blood flow during acute urea-induced hyperosmolality in newborn piglets. Pediatr Res. 1985;19:537-542.

Burgess GH , Oh W. , Bratlid D. , et al. The effects of brain blood flow on brain bilirubin deposition in newborn piglets. Pediatr REs. 1985;19:691-696.

Brodersen R. , Bartels P. Enzymatic oxidation of bilirubin . Eur J Biochem. 1969;10:468-473.

Danbolt NC , Hansen Twr , Øyasaeter S. , et al. In vitro binding of [3H] bilirubin to neurons in rat brain sections . Biol Neonate. 1993;63:35-39.

Hansen Twr , Øyasæter S. , Stiris T. , Bratlid D. Effects of sulfisoxazole, hypercarbia, and hyperosmolality on entry of bilirubin and albumin into brain regions in young rats. Biol Neonate . 1989;56:22-30.

Hansen Twr. Acute entry of bilirubin into rat brain regions . Pediatr Res. 1993;33:214A. Abstract.

Barlow RB Biodata Handling With Microcomputers. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers BV; 1983.

Hansen Twr , Cashore WJ Rate of bilirubin disappearance from brain regions in rats with an intact blood-brain barrier. Pediatr Res. 1993 ;33:215A. Abstract.

Hansen Twr. Bilirubin and brain toxicity. Studies on the entry, localization, and effects of bilirubin in rat brain (Thesis). Oslo, Norway: University of Oslo; 1988.