Immunologic Mechanisms Responsible for Adverse Reactions to Routine Immunizations in Children

Takahashi, M. , Otsuka, T. , Okuno, Y. , Asano, Y. , Yazaki, T. , and Isomura, S. : Live vaccine used to prevent the spread of varicella in children in hospital. Lancet 2: 1288, 1974.

Artenstein, M.S. : The current status of bacterial vaccines . Hosp. Prac. June, 49, 1973.

New vaccine released for use in meningococcal meningitis A and C Infect. Dis. Jan, 1, 1976.

Kojis, F.G. : Serum sickness and anaphylaxis. Am. J. Dis. Child. 64: 313, 1942.

Bellanti, J.A. : Biologic significance of the secretory IgA . Pediatrics 48: 415, 1971.

Harris. R.W. , Isacson, P. and Karzon, D.T. : Vaccine-induced hypersensitivity: reactions to live measles and mumps vaccine in prior recipients of inactivated measles vaccine. J. Pediatr. 74: 552, 1969.

Fulginiti, V.A. , and Arthur, J.H. : Altered reactivity to measles virus. Skin test reactivity and antibody response to measles virus antigens in recipients of killed measles virus vaccine. J. Pediatr. 75: 609, 1969.

Michels, M.I. , and Jacobs, R.W. : Hypersensitivity to tetanus toxoids (correspondence). J. All. Clin. Immunol. 53: 118, 1974.

Eisen, A.H. , Cohen, J.J. , and Rose, B. : Reaction to tetanus toxoid. N. Engl. J. Med. 269: 1407, 1963.

Facktor, M.A. , Bornstein, R. , and Fireman, P. : Hypersensitivity to tetanus toxoid. J. All . Clin. Immunol. 52: 1, 1973.

Lerner, S. : Overdose of tetanus toxoid (letters). JAMA 228: 159, 1974.

Diamond, M.T. , and Joffe, B. : Reactions at old vaccination site. JAMA 194: 1325, 1965.

Whittingham, J.E. : Anaphylaxis following administration of tetanus toxoid. Br. Med. J. 1: 292, 1940.

Parish, H.J. , and Oakley, C.L. : Anaphylaxis after injection of tetanus toxoid (case report). Br. Med. J. 1: 294, 1940.

Fries, J.H. , and Coleman, M. : Anaphylactoid allergic reactions to influenza and poliomyelitis vaccines. Ann. Allergy 18: 1130, 1960 .

Miller, J.R. , and Meltzer, E.O. : The use of egg-containing vaccines in egg-sensitive patients. J. All. Clin. Immunol. 49: 109, 1972 (Abstract 49).

Karliner, J.S. , and Belaval, G.S. : Incidence of reactions following administration of antirabies serum. JAMA 193: 359, 1965.

Hattwick, M.A.W. , Rubin, R.H. , Music, S. , Sikes, R.K. , Smith, J.S. and Cregg, M.B. : Postexposure rabies prophylaxis with human rabies immune globulin. JAMA 277: 407, 1974 .

Daschback, R.J. : Serum sickness and tetanus immunization (letters) . JAMA 220: 1619, 1972.

Kaiser, H.B. , Sokol, A. , and Beall, G.N. : Unusual reaction to rabies vaccine. JAMA 193: 119, 1965.

Lane, J.M. , Ruben, F.L. , Neff, J.M. , and Millar, J.D. : Complications of small pox vaccination, 1968. National surveillance in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med. 281: 1201, 1969 .

Fulginiti, V.A. : Pox virus diseases. In Brennemann and McQuarrie. Practice of Pediatrics, Hagerstown, Md., Harper and Row, 1972, Chap. 39.

Smith, R.E. , and Wolnisty, C. : Allergic reactions to tetanus, diphtheria, influenza and poliomyelitis immunization. Ann. All. 20: 809, 1962.

Waldman, R.H. , Mann, J.J. , and Small, P.A. , Jr.: Immunization against influenza (prevention of illness in man by aerosolized vaccine). JAMA 207: 520, 1965.

Buff, B.H. : Fatal anaphylactic shock following intradermal skin test with dilute horse serum tetanus antitoxin. JAMA 174: 122, 1960 .

Kuhn, W.J. , and Pappenheimer, A.M. : Immunochemical studies of antitoxin produced in normal and allergic individuals hyperimmunized with diphtheria taxoids . J. Exp. Med. 95: 363, 1952.

Kamin, P.B. , Fein, B.T. , and Britton, H.A. : Use of live attenuated measles virus vaccine in children allergic to egg protein. JAMA 193: 1125, 1965 .

Friday, G.A. , Kumate, J. , and Fireman, P. : Suppression of delayed hypersensitivity and atopic manifestations by measles vaccine (abstract). J. Aller. 41: 111, 1968.

Feingold, B. : The influence of acute infections upon the course of allergy in children: some clinical observations. J. Pediatr. 34: 545, 1949.

Fireman, P. , Friday, G. , and Kumate, J. : Effect of measles vaccine on immunologic responsiveness. Pediatrics 43: 264, 1969.

Fulginiti, V.A. : Abnormalities in Vaccine Responsiveness in Immunologic Incompetence. Kagan, B. M. and Stiehm, E. R. , Ed., Chicago , Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., 1971, pp. 245-56.

Bellanti, J.A. : Immunoprophylaxis: The Use of Vaccines in Immunology . Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., Publishers, 1971, p. 501.

Merigan, T.C. : Host defenses against viral disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 290: 323, 1974.

Von Pirquet, C.E. : Das Verhalten der kutanen Tuberkulin-reaktion Wahrend der Masern. Deutsche Med. Wachnschr. 34: 1297, 1908.

Starr, S. , and Berkovich, S. : Effects of measles, gamma-globulin-modified measles and vaccine measles on the tuberculin test. N. Engl. J. Med. 270: 386, 1964 .

Zweiman, B. , Pappagianis, O. , Mailack, H. , and Hildreth, E.A. : Effect of measles immunizations on tuberculin hypersensitivity and in vitro lymphocyte reactivity. Int. Arch. Allergol. 40: 834, 1971.

Berkovich, S. , Steiner, P. , and Steiner, M. : Live rubella virus vaccine in tuberculous children. Am. J. Dis. Child. 118: 252, 1969 .

Kleinerman, E.S. , and Daniels, C.A. : Depressed monocyte chemotaxis during acute influenza infection. Lancet 2: 1063, 1975.

Naidoo, P. , and Hirsch, H. : Prenatal vaccinia. Lancet 1: 196, 1963.

Green, D.M. , Reid, S.M. and Rhaney, K. : Generalized vaccinia in the human foetus . Lancet 1: 1296, 1966.

Fleet, Jr., W.F. , Benz, E.W. , Karson, D.T. , Lefkowitz, L.B. , and Hermann, K.L. : Fetal consequences of maternal rubella immunization. JAMA 227: 621, 1974.

Plotkin, S.A. , Farquhar, J.D. , and Ogra, P.L. : Immunologic properties of RA 27/3 rubella virus vaccine (a comparison with strains presently licensed in the United States). JAMA 225: 585, 1973.

Yamauchi, T. , Wilson, C. , and St Geme, J.W.Jr., : Transmission of live attenuated mumps virus to the human placenta. N. Engl. J. Med. 290: 710, 1974.

Edsall, G. : The current status of tetanus immunization. Hosp. Pract. 6: 57, 1971.

Public Health Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices : Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 21: No. 25, 1972.

Bishop, W.B. , Carlton, R.F. , and Sanders , L.L. : Diffuse vasculitis and death after hyperimmunization with pertussis vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med. 274: 616, 1966.

Peeler, R.N. , Kadull, P.V. , and Cluff, L.E. : Intensive immunization of man: evaluation of possible adverse consequences. Ann. Intern. Med. 63: 44, 1965.

Cherry, J.O. , Feiger, R.D. , Lobes, L.A. , Jr., and Shackleford , P.G. : Atypical measles in children previously immunized with attenuated measles virus vaccines. Pediatrics 50: 712, 1972.

St. Geme, Jr., J.W. , George, B.L. , and Bush, B.M. : Exaggerated natural measles following attenuated virus immunization. Pediatrics 57: 148, 1976.