Temperature Regulation in the Neonate

Lipton E. L. , Steinschneider A. and Richmond J. B. : Swaddling, a child care practice: historical, cultural, and experimental observations. Pediatrics 35: 521, 1965.

Green R. M. : A Translation of Galen's Hygiene. Springfield, Charles C. Thomas, 1951.

Ruhräh J. : Pediatrics of the Past. New York, Paul B. Hoebner, Inc., 1925.

Still G. F. : The History of Pediatrics. London, Oxford University Press, 1931.

Budin P. : Le nourrisson. Alimentation et hygiene des enfants debiles—enfants nés à terme. Paris, Octave Doin, (ed.), 1900.

Oliver T. K. Jr. : Temperature regulation and heat production in the newborn. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 12: 765, 1965.

Stern L. : The newborn infant and his thermal environment. Curr. Probl. Pediatr. 1: 3, 1970.

Adamson K. Jr. and Towell M. E. : Thermal homeostasis in the fetus and newborn. Anesthesiology 26: 531, 1965.

Brück K. : Temperature regulation in the newborn infant. Biol Neonat 3: 65, 1961.

Fouts J. R. : Metabolism of drugs by livers from fetal and newborn animals. In Perinatal Pharmacology. 41st Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, 1962.

Harned H. S. , Herrington R. T. and Ferreiro J. I. : The effects of immersion and temperature on respiration in newborn lambs. Pediatrics 45: 598, 1970.

Westin B. , Nyberg R. , Miller J. A. Jr. and Wedenberg E. : Hypothermia and transfusion with oxygenated blood in the treatment of asphyxia neonatorum. Acta Paediat 139 (Suppl): 162, 1951.

Glass L. , Silverman W. A. and Sinclair J. C. : Effect of the thermal environment on cold resistance and growth of small infants after the first week of life. Pediatrics 41: 1033, 1968.

Burnard E. D. and Cross K. W. : Rectal temperature in the newborn after birth asphyxia. Br. Med. J. 2: 1197, 1958.

Stephen C. R. , Dent S. J. , Hall K. D. , Knox P. R. and North W. C. : Body temperature regulation during anesthesia in infants and children. JAMA 174: 1579, 1960.

Hey E. N. and Katz G. : The optimum thermal envicomfort” in premature infants. Biol. Neonat. 4: 328, 1970.

Brück K. , Parmelee A. H. Jr. and Brück M. : Neutral temperature range and range of “thermal comfort” in premature infants. Biol. Neonat. 4: 32, 1962.

Adams F. H. , Fugiwara T. , Spears R. and Hodgman J. : Temperature regulation in premature infants. Pediatrics 33: 487, 1964.

Silverman W. A. and Agate F. J. Jr. : Variation in cold resistance among small newborn infants. Biol. Neonat. 6: 113, 1964.

Miller D. L. and Oliver T. K. Jr. : Body temperature in the immediate neonatal period: the effect of reducing thermal losses. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 94: 964, 1966.

Adamson K. Jr. , Gandy G. M. and James L. S. : The influence of thermal factors upon oxygen consumption of the newborn human infant. J. Pediatr. 66: 495, 1965.

Mestyán Gy and Varga F. : Chemical thermoregulation of full-term and premature newborn infants. J. Pediatr. 56: 623, 1960.

Karlberg P. , Moore R. E. and Oliver T. K. Jr. : The thermogenic response of the newborn infant to noradrenalin. Acta. Paediatr. 51: 284, 1962.

Stern L. , Lees M. H. and Leduc J. : Environmental temperature, oxygen consumption, and catecholamine excretion in newborn infants. Pediatrics 36: 367, 1965.

Schiff D. , Stern L. and Leduc J. : Chemical thermogenesis in newborn infants: catecholamine excretion and the plasma nonesterified fatty acid response to cold exposure. Pediatrics 37: 577, 1966.

Rizack M. A. : Activation of an epinephrine-sensitive lipolytic activity from adipose tissue by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 239: 392, 1964.

Smith R. E. : Thermoregulation by brown adipose tissue in cold. Fed. Proc. 21: 221, 1962.

Aherne W. and Hull D. : The site of heat production in the newborn infant. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 57: 1172, 1964.

Moore R. E. : Control of heat production in newborn mammals: role of noradrenaline and mode of action. Fed. Proc. 22: 920, 1963.

Aherne W. and Hull D. : Brown adipose tissue and heat production in the newborn infant. J. Path. Bact. 91: 223, 1966.

Brück K : Which environmental temperature does the premature infant prefer? Pediatrics 41: 1027, 1968.

Scopes J. W. and Ahmed I. : Indirect assessment of oxygen requirements in newborn babies by monitoring deep body temperature. Arch. Dis. Child. 41: 25, 1966.

Oliver T. K. Jr. and Karlberg P. : Gaseous metabolism in newly born human infants: the effects of environmental temperature and 15 per cent oxygen in the inspired air. Am. J. Dis. Child. 105: 427, 1963.

Oliver T. K. Jr. and Karlberg P. : The influence of environmental temperature and 15 per cent oxygen on the gaseous metabolism of newly born infants. Acta. Paediatr. 140 (Suppl):51, 1963.

Foster K. G. , Hey E. N. and Katz G. : The response of the sweat glands of the newborn baby to thermal stimuli and to intradermal acetylcholine. J. Physiol. 203: 13, 1969.

Hey E. N. and Katz G. : Evaporative water loss in the newborn baby. J. Physiol. 200: 605, 1969.

James L. S. : Acidosis of the newborn and its relation to birth asphyxia. Acta. Paediatr. 122 (Suppl): 17, 1960.

Gandy G. M. , Adamson K. Jr. , Cunningham N. , Silverman W. A. and James L. S. : Thermal environment and acid-base homeostasis in human infants during the first few hours of life. J. Clin. Invest. 43: 751, 1964.

Dawes G. S. : Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. Chicago, Yearbook Medical Publishers, Inc., 1968, pp. 83–90, 191–209.

Stephenson J. M. , Du J. N. and Oliver T. K. Jr. : The effect of cooling on blood gas tensions in newborn infants. J. Pediatr. 76: 848, 1970.

Přibylová H. and Znamenáček K. : The effect of body temperature on the level of carbohydrate metabolites and oxygen consumption in the newborn. Pediatrics 37: 743, 1966.

Soltész Gy , Mestyán J. , Járai I. , Fekete M. and Schultz K. : Glucose utilization and the changes in plasma nutrients after intravenously injected glucose in premature infants kept at and below the neutral temperature. Biol. Neonat. 19: 118, 1971.

Cornblath M. and Schwartz R. : Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Infancy. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, Co., 1966, pp. 34–6.

Sinclair J. C. : Heat production and thermoregulation in the small-for-date infant. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 17: 147, 1970.

Fisher D. A. , Oddie T. H. and Makoski E. J. : The influence of environmental temperature on thyroid, adrenal, and water metabolism in the newborn human infant. Pediatrics 37: 583, 1966.

Fisher D. A. and Oddie T. H. : Neonatal thyroidal hyperactivity. Am. J. Dis. Child. 107: 574, 1964.

Fisher D. A. : Cold diuresis in the newborn. Pediatrics 40: 636, 1967.

Stern L. and Doray B. F. : Hypothermia, acidosis, and kernicterus in small premature infants. Proceedings, XIIth International Congress Pediatrics, Mexico City, December, 1968, p. 512.

Hey E. N. and Katz G. : Temporary loss of a metabolic response to cold stress in infants of low birthweight. Arch. Dis. Child. 44: 323, 1969.

Goodlin R. C. and Horowitz M. : Thermal effects on heart rate of the neonate. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 110: 674, 1971.

Silverman W. A. , Fertig J. W. and Berger A. P. : The influence of the thermal environment upon the survival of newly born premature infants. Pediatrics 22: 876, 1958.

Jolly H. , Molyneux P. and Newell D. J. : A controlled study of the effect of temperature on premature babies. J. Pediatr. 60: 889, 1962.

Buetow K. C. and Klein S. W. : Effect of maintenance of “normal” skin temperature on survival of infants of low birthweight. Pediatrics 34: 163, 1964.

Day R. L. , Caliguiri L. , Kamenski C. and Ehrlich F. : Body temperature and survival of premature infants. Pediatrics 34: 171, 1964.

Scholl B. F. , Ed.: Library of Health. Philadelphia, Historical Publishing Co., 1920.

Dahm L. S. and James S. : Newborn temperature and calculated heat loss in the delivery room. Pediatrics 49: 504, 1972.

Long G. : Toweling in newborn babies. J. Pediatr. 75: 157, 1969.

At what temperature should you keep a baby? Lancet 2: 556, 1970.

Girling D. J. and Scopes J. W. : Value of the silver swaddler in preventing evaporative heat loss. Lancet 2: 46, 1970.

Besch N.J. , Perlstein P. H. , Edwards N. K. , Keenan W.J. and Sutherland J. M. : The transparent baby bag: a shield against heat loss. N. Engl. J. Med. 284: 121, 1971.

Baum J. D. and Scopes J. W. : The silver swaddler. Lancet 1: 672, 1968.

Spence G. R. : Chilling of newborn infants: its relation to circumcision immediately following birth. South. Med. J. 63: 309, 1970.

Hey E. N. and Mount L. E. : Heat losses from babies in incubators. Arch. Dis. Child. 42: 75, 1967.

Levinson H. , Linsao L. and Swyer P. R. : A comparison of infrared and convection heating for newborn infants. Lancet 2: 1346, 1966.

Mills C. A. : Infrared heat transfer principles: application to man. In Medical Physics (Vol. 3), Glasser O. (Ed.). Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1960, p. 299.

Du J. N. and Oliver T. K. Jr. : The baby in the delivery room. JAMA 207: 1502, 1969.

Motil K.J. and Blackburn M. G. : The optimum skin temperature for rewarming normal neonates utilizing a radiant heat source. J. Pediatr. In press.

Cross K. W. , Tizard J. P. M. and Trythall D. A. H. : The gaseous metabolism of the newborn infant breathing 15 per cent oxygen. Acta. Paediatr. 47:217, 1958.

Perlstein P. H. , Edwards N. K. Sutherland J. M. : Apnea in premature infants and incubator-air-temperature changes. N. Engl. J. Med. 282: 461, 1970.

Daily W. J. , Klaus M. and Meyer H. B. : Apnea in premature infants: monitoring, incidence, heart rate changes, and an effect of environmental temperature. Pediatrics 43: 510, 1969.