Achalasia of the Esophagus in Young Children

Bettex, M. and H. Cottier : Über megaoesophagus im kindesalter. Langenbeck's Archiv. Für Klinische Chirurgie , Berlin- Gottinger, Heidelberg. Springer, 1960.

Cross, F.S. : Pathologic changes in megaoesophagus (esophageal dystonia). Surgery 31: 647, 1952.

Grob, M. : Lehrbuch der kinderchirurgie. Stuttgart. Georg Thieme, 1957.

Field, C.E. : Octyl nitrite in achalasia of the cardia. Lancet 2: 848, 1944.

Heller, E. : Extramuköse cardiaplastik beim chronische cardiospasmus mit dilatation des oesophagus. Mitt. Gnenzgeb. Med. Chir. 27: 141, 1914.

Hurst, A.F. : Case of achalasia of the cardia (so-called cardiospasm). Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 8: 22, 1914.

Kumar, R. : A case of congenital oesophageal stricture due to a cartilaginous ring. Brit. J. Surg. 49: 533, 1962.

Konez, J. : Cardiospasmus—megaoesophagus, in lehrbuch der chirurgie und orthopadie des kindesalters. von A. Oberniedermayr. Bd. II, 5, 185. Berlin-Gottingen-Heidelberg . Springer, 1959.

Méry : Les spasmes du tube digestif chez les normissons. Rev. gén. de clin et de thérap. 20: 51, 1906.

Mikuliez, J.V. : Zur pathologie und therapie des cardiospasmus . Dtsch. med. Wschr. 30: 17, 50, 1904.

Payne, S. , F.H. Ellis , Jr. and A.M. Olsen : Treatment of cardiospasm (achalasia of the oesophagus) in children. Surgery 50: 731, 1961.

Rake, G.W. : On the pathology of achalasia of the cardia. Guy's Hosp. Rep. 77: 141, 1927.

Redo, F. and C. Bauer : Management of achalasia in infancy and childhood. Surgery 53: 263, 1963.

Swenson, O. and C. Oeconomopoulos : Achalasia of the esophagus in children. J. Thoracic Surg. 41: 49, 1961.

Waterston, D. : (1963), Personal Communication .

Willis, Thomas : Pharmaceutice Rationalis, London, 1684, T. Dring & C. Harper and J. Leigh , p. 18.