The Concept of Skeletal Age

Abbott, O.D. , Townsend, R.O. , French , R.B. and Ahmann, C.F. : Carpal and epiphyseal development. Another index of nutritional status of rural school children. Am. J. Dis. Child. 79: 69-81, 1950.

Acheson, R.M. : A method of assessing skeletal maturity from radiographs. J. Anat. 88: 498-508, 1954.

Acheson, R.M. : The Oxford method of assessing skeletal maturity. Clin. Orthopaed. 10: 19-39, 1957.

Anderson, J.E. : The development of behavior and personality . Pp. 43-69 in Ginzberg, op. cit., 1960.

Baer, M.J. and Durkatz, J. : Bilateral asymmetry in skeletal maturation of the hand and wrist: a roentgenographic analysis. Am. J. Phys. Anth., n.s. 15: 181-196, 1957.

Bayley, N. and Pinneau, S.R. : Tables for predicting adult height from skeletal age: revised for use with the Greulich-Pyle hand standards. J. Ped. 40: 423-441, 1952.

Buschke, F. : Röntgenologische Skelettstudien an Menlischen Zwillingen und Mehrlingen . George Thieme, Leipzig, 1934.

Christie, A. : Prevalence and distribution of ossification centers in the newborn infant. Am. J. Dis. Child. 77: 355-361, 1949.

Dreizen, S. , Snodgrasse, R.M. , Webb-Peploe, H. , Parker, R.M. and Spies, T.D. : Bilateral symmetry of skeletal maturation in the human hand and wrist . Am. J. Dis. Child. 93: 122-127, 1957.

Dreizen, S. , Snodgrasse, R.M. , Webb-Peploe, H. and Spies, T.D. : The retarding effect of protracted undernutrition on the appearance of the postnatal ossification centers in the hand and wrist. Hum. Biol. 30(4): 253-264, 1958.

Dunham, E.C. , Jenss, R. and Christie, A. : A consideration of race and sex in relation to the growth and development of infants. J. Ped. 14: 156-160, 1939.

Garn, S.M. and Rohmann, C.G. : Variability in the order of ossification of the bony centers of the hand and wrist. Am. J. Phys. Anth., n.s. 18(3): 219-230, 1960.

Garn, S.M. , Rohmann, C.G. and Apfelbaum, B. : Complete epiphyseal union of the hand. Am. J. Phys. Anth. , n.s. 19 (4): 365-372, 1961.

Ginzberg, E. (ed.): The Nation's Children. 2. Development and Education. White House Con. on Chil. and Youth. New York, Columbia U. Press, 1960.

Greulich, W.W. : The growth and development of Guamanian schoolchildren in 1947. Am. J. Phys. Anth., n.s. 9: 55-70, 1951.

Greulich, W.W. and Pyle, S.I. : Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist. Second edition. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1959.

Hess, A.F. and Weinstock, M. : A comparison of the evolution of carpal centers in white and American Negro new-born infants. Am. J. Dis. Child. 29: 347-354, 1925.

Hoerr, N.L. , Pyle, S.I. and Francis, C.C. : Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Foot and Ankle. Springfield, C. C. Thomas, 1962.

Johnston, F.E. : A Longitudinal Study of Skeletal Maturation and Its Relationship to Growth in Philadelphia White Children. Ph.D. Dissertation, U. of Penna., Philadelphia , 1962a.

Johnston, F.E. : Individual variation in the rates of skeletal maturation between 5 and 18 years. Child Dev., in press, 1962b.

Kelly, H.J. and Reynolds, L. : Appearance and growth of ossification centers and increase in the body dimensions of white and Negro infants. Am. J. Roentgenol. and Radium Ther. 57(4): 477-516, 1947.

Koski, K. , Haataja, J. and Lappalainen, M. : Skeletal development of hand and wrist in Finnish children. Am. J. Phys. Anth., n.s. 19(4): 379-382, 1961.

Krogman, W.M. : Physical Growth as a Factor in the Behavioral Development of the Child. Pp. 8-23 in Waetjen, op. cit., 1962.

Mackay, D.H. : Skeletal maturation in the hand: a study of development in East African children. Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 46 (2): 135-150, 1952.

Mainland, D. : Evaluation of the skeletal age method of estimating children's development. I. Systematic errors in the assessment of roentgenograms . Pediatrics 12(2): 114-129, 1953.

Mainland, D. : Evaluation of the skeletal age method of estimating children's development. II. Variable errors in the assessment of roentgenograms . Pediatrics 13: 165-173, 1954.

Mellman, W.J. , Bongiovanni, A.M. and Hope, J.W. : The diagnostic usefulness of skeletal maturation in an endocrine clinic. Pediatrics 23: 530-544, 1959.

Moed, G. , Wight, B.W. and Vandergrift, H.N. : Studies of physical disability: reliability of measurement of skeletal age from hand films. Child Dev. 33(1): 37-43, 1962.

Pyle, S.I. and Hoerr, N. : Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Maturation of the Knee. Springfield, C. C Thomas , 1955.

Pyle, S.I. and Sontag, L.W. : Variability in onset of ossification in epiphyses and short bones of the extremities. Am. J. Roentgenol. and Radium Ther. 49: 795-798, 1943.

Pyle, S.I. , Stuart, H.C. , Coroni, J. and Reed, R.B. : Onsets, Completions, and Spans of the Osseous Stage of Development in Representative Bone Growth Centers of the Extremities. Monog. Soc. Res . Child Dev., Vol. 26, No. 1, 1961.

Reynolds, E.L. and Schoen, G. : Growth patterns of identical triplets from 8 through 18 years. Child Dev. 18: 130-145, 1947.

Simmons, K. and Greulich, W.W. : Menarcheal age, and the height, weight, and skeletal age of girls age 7-17 years. J. Ped. 22(5): 518-545, 1943.

Snodgrasse, R.M. , Dreizen, S. , Currie , C. , Parker, G.S. and Spies, T.D. : The association between anomalous ossification centers in the hand skeleton, nutritional status, and rate of skeletal maturation in children five to fourteen years of age. Am. J. Roentgenol., Radium Ther., and Nuclear Med. 74: 1037-1048, 1955 a.

Snodgrasse, R.M. , Dreizen, S. , Parker , G.S. and Spies, T.D. : Serial sequential development of anomalous metacarpal and phalangeal ossification centers in the human hand. Growth 19: 307-322, 1955b.

Speijer, B. : Beteknis en Bepalung van de Skeleteeftijd. Leiden , A. W. Sijthoff, 1950.

Todd, T.W. : Atlas of Skeletal Maturation (Hand). St. Louis , C. V. Mosby, 1937.

Torgerson, J. : Asymmetry and skeletal maturation. Acta Radiol. 36: 521-523, 1951.

Waetjen, W. B. (ed.): New Dimensions in Learning: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach. Assoc. for Super. and Curr. Dev., Washington, 1962.

Wagner, R. : Nonendocrine deviations from the normal pattern of osseous development . Am. J. Dis. Child. 82: 519-528, 1961.

Weinert, P. : Ein betrag zur frage der pseudoepiphysen. Anat. Anzeiger 99: 1—18, 1952 .