Adolescents Presenting With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: What Are We Missing?

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Pamuk

Raza

Hasni

Neuropsychiatric lupus in late and early onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023;63:5-15. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kead297.

Sarwar

Mohamed

Rogers

, et al Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a 2021 update on diagnosis, management, and current challenges. Cureus. 2021;13(9):e17969. doi:10.7759/cureus.17969.

Nelson

Chandrakasan

Ponder

, et al Clinical determinants of childhood onset systemic lupus erythematosus among early and peri-adolescent age groups. Children (Basel). 2022;9(12):1865. doi:10.3390/children9121865.

Khan

Qureshi

Akhtar

Bae

Hassan

Prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1098734. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098734.

Natoli

Charras

Hahn

Hedrich

CM.

Neuropsychiatric involvement in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE). Mol Cell Pediatr. 2023;10(1):5. doi:10.1186/s40348-023-00161-7.

Sibbitt

Jr. Brandt

Johnson

, et al The incidence and prevalence of neuropsychiatric syndromes in pediatric onset systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(7):1536-1542.

Fernández

Alarcón

Calvo-Alén

, et al A multiethnic, multicenter cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a model for the study of ethnic disparities in SLE. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(4):576-584. doi:10.1002/art.22672.

Kisaarslan

Çiçek

SÖ

Batu

, et al Neuropsychiatric involvement in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter study. Joint Bone Spine. 2023;90(4):105559. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105559.

Giani

Smith

Al-Abadi

, et al Neuropsychiatric involvement in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: data from the UK Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus cohort study. Lupus. 2021;30(12):1955-1965. doi:10.1177/09612033211045050.

10.

Lythgoe

Smith

EMD

Killeen

, et al Prospective epidemiological study of juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in the UK and Republic of Ireland. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022;61(10):4097-4106. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keac064.

11.

Stock

Gelb

Pasternak

Ben-Zvi

Putterman

The blood brain barrier and neuropsychiatric lupus: new perspectives in light of advances in understanding the neuroimmune interface. Autoimmun Rev. 2017;16(6):612-619. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.04.008.

12.

Jeltsch-David

Muller

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenesis and biomarkers. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10(10):579-596. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.148.

13.

Zardi

Giorgi

Zardi

DM.

Diagnostic approach to neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus: what should we do. Postgrad Med. 2018;130(6):536-547. doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1492309.

14.

Magro-Checa

Steup-Beekman

Huizinga

van Buchem

Ronen

Laboratory and neuroimaging biomarkers in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: where do we stand, where to go. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018;5:340. doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00340.

15.

Constantin

Năstase

Tulbă

Bălănescu

Băicuș

Immunosuppressive therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus associated peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review. Lupus. 2020;29(12):1509-1519. doi:10.1177/0961203320948181.