AhmadSMSolimanAM. Congenital anomalies of the larynx. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2007;40(1):177-191; viii. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2006.10.004.
2.
ChillerKGPassaroDFriedenIJ. Hemangiomas of infancy: clinical characteristics, morphologic subtypes, and their relationship to race, ethnicity, and sex. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138(12):1567-1576. doi:10.1001/archderm.138.12.1567.
3.
Hemangioma Investigator Group; HaggstromANDroletBA, et al. Prospective study of infantile hemangiomas: demographic, prenatal, and perinatal characteristics. J Pediatr. 2007;150(3):291-294. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.12.003.
4.
EnjolrasOGelbertF. Superficial hemangiomas: associations and management. Pediatr Dermatol. 1997;14(3):173-179. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.1997.tb00232.x.
5.
GorlinRJKantaputraPAughtonDJMullikenJB. Marked female predilection in some syndromes associated with facial hemangiomas. Am J Med Genet. 1994;52(2):130-135. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320520203.
6.
MundenAButschekRTomWL, et al. Prospective study of infantile haemangiomas: incidence, clinical characteristics and association with placental anomalies. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170(4):907-913. doi:10.1111/bjd.12804.
7.
DroletBAFriedenIJ. Characteristics of infantile hemangiomas as clues to pathogenesis: does hypoxia connect the dots. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146(11):1295-1299.
8.
ChangLCHaggstromANDroletBA, et al. Growth characteristics of infantile hemangiomas: implications for management. Pediatrics. 2008;122(2):360-367. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2767.
9.
RahbarRNicollasRRogerG, et al. The biology and management of subglottic hemangioma: past, present, future. Laryngoscope. 2004;114(11):1880-1891. doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000147915.58862.27.
10.
TollefsonMMFriedenIJ. Early growth of infantile hemangiomas: what parents’ photographs tell us. Pediatrics. 2012;130(2):e314-e320. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3683.
11.
WiatrakBJ. Congenital anomalies of the larynx and trachea. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2000;33(1):91-110. doi:10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70209-7.
12.
GarzonMCEpsteinLGHeyerGL, et al. PHACE syndrome: consensus-derived diagnosis and care recommendations. J Pediatr. 2016;178:24-33. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.07.054.
13.
KrowchukDPFriedenIJManciniAJ, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of infantile hemangiomas. Pediatrics. 2019;143(1):e20183475. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3475.
14.
JiYChenSYangK, et al. Screening for infantile hepatic hemangioma in patients with cutaneous infantile hemangioma: a multicenter prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(5):1378-1384. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.11.062.
15.
KumarPKaushalDGargPKGuptaNGoyalJP. Subglottic hemangioma masquerading as croup and treated successfully with oral propranolol. Lung India. 2019;36(3):233-235.
16.
SaettiRSilvestriniMCutroneCNarneS. Treatment of congenital subglottic hemangiomas: our experience compared with reports in the literature. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(8):848-851. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.8.848.
17.
DuvalMTarasidisGGrimmerJF, et al. Role of operative airway evaluation in children with recurrent croup: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Otolaryngol. 2015;40(3):227-233. doi:10.1111/coa.12353.
18.
DelanyDRJohnstonDR. Role of direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy in recurrent croup. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;152(1):159-164. doi:10.1177/0194599814558562.
19.
RosslerLRothoeftTTeigN, et al. Ultrasound and colour Doppler in infantile subglottic haemangioma. Pediatr Radiol. 2011;41(11):1421-1428. doi:10.1007/s00247-011-2213-1.
