A Real Pain in the Neck

McCrindle BW Rowley AH Newburger JW , et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135:e927-e999.

Tona R Shinohara S Fujiwara K , et al. Risk factors for retropharyngeal cellulitis in Kawasaki disease. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2014;41:455-458.

Yoskovitch A Tewfik TL Duffy CM Moroz B. Head and neck manifestations of Kawasaki disease. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2000;52:123-129.

Kanegaye JT Van Cott E Tremoulet AH , et al. Lymph-node-first presentation of Kawasaki disease compared with bacterial cervical adenitis and typical Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr. 2013;162:1259-1263.e1-e2.

Dyer T Dancey P Martin J Shah S. Torticollis as presentation for atypical Kawasaki disease complicated by giant coronary artery aneurysms. Case Rep Pediatr. 2018;2018:4236264.

Nozaki F Kusunoki T Tomoda Y , et al. Grisel syndrome as a complication of Kawasaki disease: a case report and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr. 2013; 172:119-121.

Osiro S Tiwari KJ Matusz P Gielecki J Tubbs RS Loukas M. Grisel’s syndrome: a comprehensive review with focus on pathogenesis, natural history, and current treatment options. Childs Nerv Syst. 2012;28:821-825.

Bell C. The Nervous System of the Human Body Embracing Papers Delivered to the Royal Society on the Subject of the Nerves. Longman; 1830.

Grisel P. Enucleation de l’atlas et torticollis nasopharyngien. Presse Med. 1930;38:50-53.

Gourin CG Kaper B Abdu WA Donegan JO. Nontraumatic atlanto-axial subluxation after retropharyngeal cellulitis: Grisel’s syndrome. Am J Otolaryngol. 2002;23:60-65.

Wilson BC Jarvis BL Haydon RC 3rd . Nontraumatic subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint: Grisel’s syndrome. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1987;96:705-708.

Fielding JW Hawkins RJ. Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation. (Fixed rotatory subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977;59:37-44.

Goel A. Torticollis and rotatory atlantoaxial dislocation: a clinical review. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2019;10:77-87.

Jackson H. The diagnosis of minimal atlanto-axial subluxation. Br J Radiol. 1950;23:672-674.

Durst F Staudenmaier R Pilge H , et al. Grisel-Syndrom nach anthelixplastik [in German]. HNO. 2012;60:135-140.

Battiata AP Pazos G. Grisel’s syndrome: the two-hit hypothesis—a case report and literature review. Ear Nose Throat J. 2004;83:553-555.

Richter GT Bower CM. Cervical complications following routine tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;14:375-380.

Deichmueller CMC Welkoborsky HJ. Grisel’s syndrome—a rare complication following “small” operations and infections in the ENT region. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267:1467-1473.

Pilge H Prodinger PM Burklein D Holzapfel BM Lauen J. Nontraumatic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint as rare form of acquired torticollis: diagnosis and clinical features of the Grisel’s syndrome. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36:E747-E751.

Rinaldo A Mondin V Suarez C Genden EM Ferlito A. Grisel’s syndrome in head and neck practice. Oral Oncol. 2005;41:966-970.

Yu KK White DR Weissler MC Pillsbury HC. Nontraumatic atlantoaxial subluxation (Grisel syndrome): a rare complication of otolaryngological procedures. Laryngoscope. 2003;113:1047-1049.

Igarashi C Shimono Y Hoshii S , et al. A case of Kawasaki disease complicated with atlanto-axial rotator fixation. J Clin Pediatr Sapporo. 1989;37:93-97.

Jindal AK Suri D Sinha A Sharma MB Rawat A Singh S. Fever, torticollis, and rash in a young boy-is this Kawasaki disease? J Clin Rheumatol. Published online November 15, 2019. doi:10.1097/RHU.0000000000001189.

Kaketa K Miyawaki Y Kitano K Hirohasi K. Atlanto-axial rotator fixation due to cervical lymphadenitis. Ann Saiseikai Nakatu Hospital Osaka. 2004;14:235-237.

Konishi S Watanabe M Kaneda M Takahashi N Tonoki H Koga Y. A report of atlantoaxial rotatory fixation related with cervical lymphadenopathy in 3 pediatric cases. J Jpn Pediatr Soc. 2007;111:1191-1195.

Oda Y Nakayama I Shiraishi H Hirade T Fukushima H. Atlantoaxial rotator fixation caused by Kawasaki Disease; a case report [in Japanese]. Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2009;52:1563-1565.

Oda Y Nihei K Uemura Y , et al. Two cases of Kawasaki disease with atlanto-axial rotator fixation [in Japanese]. Jpn J Pediatr. 2009;62:2095-2099.

Tashiro R Oyama T Mihara A , et al. 5 cases of atlanto-axial rotator fixation (Grisel syndrome) after infections. J Pediatr Pract. 2011;151:1171-1174.