Preventing Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Demmier-Harrison

. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: clinical features and diagnosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-cytomegalovirus-infection-clinical-features-and-diagnosis. Updated February 21, 2017. Accessed July 24, 2017.

Zavattoni

Rustico

Tassis

et al . Risk of congenital disease in 46 infected fetuses according to gestational age of primary human cytomegalovirus infection in the mother. J Med Virol. 2016;88:120-126. doi:10.1002/jmv.24313.

Mujtaba

Shaukat

Angez

et al . Seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women and outcomes of pregnancies with active infection. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66:1009-1014.

Mestas

. Congenital cytomegalovirus. Adv Neonatal Care. 2016;16:60-65. doi:10.1097/ANC.0000000000000242.

Cannon

Davis

. Washing our hands of the congenital cytomegalovirus disease epidemic. BMC Public Health. 2005;5:70.

Schieiss

. Pediatric cytomegalovirus infection clinic presentation. Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/963090-clinical#b1. Updated January 27, 2015. Accessed July 24, 2017.

Hamilton

van Zuylen

Shand

et al . Prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus complications by maternal and neonatal treatments: a systematic review. Rev Med Virol. 2014;24:420-433.

Rawlinson

Boppana

Fowler

et al . Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and the neonate: consensus recommendations for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017; 17:e177-e188. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30143-3.

Puhakka

Renko

Helminen

et al . Primary versus non-primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection as a cause of symptomatic congenital infection—register-based study from Finland. Infect Dis (Lond). 2017;49:445-453. doi:10.1080/23744235.2017.1279344.

10.

Vanwinkel

De Keersmaecker

Devlieger

. Congenitally infected CMV fetuses following first trimester maternal infection: neonatal and short-term outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonat Med. 2016;29(suppl. 1):125.

11.

Hadar

Dorfman

Bardin

Gabbay-Benziv

Amir

Pardo

. Symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease following non-primary maternal infection: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17:31. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2161-3.

12.

Delforge

Costa

Brancart

et al . Cytomegalovirus in urine and blood of pregnant women with primary infection might be associated with fetal infection. J Clinl Virol. 2017;90:14-17. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2017.03.004.

13.

Wang

Zhang

Bialek

Cannon

. Attribution of congenital cytomegalovirus infection to primary versus non-primary maternal infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52:e11-e13.

14.

Nigro

Anceschi

Cosmi

; Congenital Cytomegalic Disease Collaborating Group. Clinical manifestations and abnormal laboratory findings in pregnant women with primary cytomegalovirus infection. BJOG. 2003;110:572-577.

15.

Salomon

Bernard

Millischer

et al . MRI and ultrasound fusion imaging for prenatal diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;209:148.e1-e9.

16.

Naing

Scott

Shand

et al . Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: a review of prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis and prevention. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;56:9-18. doi:10.1111/ajo.12408.

17.

Leyder

Vorssellmans

Done

et al . Primary maternal cytomegalovirus infections: accuracy of fetal ultrasound for predicting sequelae in offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215:638.e1-638.e8.

18.

Cannie

Devlieger

Leyder

et al . Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: contribution and best timing of prenatal MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 2016;26:3760-3769. doi:10.1007/s00330-015-4187-0.

19.

Revello

Gerna

. Diagnosis and management of human cytomegalovirus infection in the mother, fetus, and newborn infant. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002;15:680-715.

20.

Munro

Hall

Whybin

et al . Diagnosis of and screening for cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:4713-4718.

21.

Lazzarotto

Varani

Spezzacatena

et al . Maternal IgG avidity and IgM detected by blot as diagnostic tools to identify pregnant women at risk of transmitting cytomegalovirus. Viral Immunol. 2009;13:137-141.

22.

Mace

Sissoeff

Rudent

Grangeot-Keros

. A serological testing algorithm for the diagnosis of primary CMV infection in pregnant women. Prenat Diagn. 2004;24:861-863.

23.

Bilavsky

Watad

Levy

et al . Positive IgM in congenital CMV infection. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2017;56:371-375. doi:10.1177/0009922816684596.

24.

Kaneko

Ohhashi

Minematsu

Muraoka

Kusumoto

Sameshima

. Maternal immunoglobulin G avidity as a diagnostic tool to identify pregnant women at risk of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Infect Chemother. 2017;23:173-176. doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2016.12.001.

25.

Wulff

Gerds

Rode

Ekelund

Petersen

Tabor

; Danish Fetal Medicine Study Group. Risk of fetal loss associated with invasive testing following combined first-trimester screening for Down syndrome: a national cohort of 147,987 singleton pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;47:38-44.

26.

Liesnard

Donner

Brancart

Gosselin

Delforge

Rodesch

. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: prospective study of 237 pregnancies at risk. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:881-888.

27.

Donner

Liesnard

Brancart

Rodesch

. Accuracy of amniotic fluid testing before 21 weeks’ gestation in prenatal diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Prenat Diagn. 1994;14:1055-1059.

28.

Lazzarotto

Varani

Guerra

Nicolosi

Lanari

Landini

. Prenatal indicators of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Pediatr. 2000;137:90-95.

29.

Guerra

Lazzarotto

Quarta

et al . Prenatal diagnosis of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183:476-482.

30.

Leruez-Ville

Stirnemann

Sellier

et al . Feasibility of predicting the outcome of fetal infection with cytomegalovirus at the time of prenatal diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215:342.e1-e9.

31.

Revello

Zavattoni

Furione

Baldanti

Gerna

. Quantification of human cytomegalovirus DNA in amniotic fluid of mothers of congenitally infected fetuses. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:3350-3352.

32.

Goegebuer

Van Meensel

Beuselinck

et al . Clinical predictive value of real-time PCR quantification of human cytomegalovirus DNA in amniotic fluid samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:660-665.

33.

Gerber

Vial

Hohlfeld

Witkin

. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection by detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies to the 70-kd heat shock protein in fetal serum. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187:955-959.

34.

Enders

Bader

Lindemann

Schalasta

Daiminger

. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in 189 pregnancies with known outcome. Prenat Diagn. 2001;21:362-377.

35.

Desveaux

Klein

Leruez-Ville

et al . Identification of symptomatic fetuses infected with cytomegalovirus using amniotic fluid peptide biomarkers. PLoS Pathog. 2016;25:12. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005395.

36.

Bernstein

Munoz

Callahan

et al . Safety and efficacy of a cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (gB) vaccine in adolescent girls: a randomized clinical trial. Vaccine. 2016;34:313-319.

37.

Adler

. Cytomegalovirus and child day care: risk factors for maternal infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1991;10:590-594.

38.

Walmus

Yow

Lester

Leeds

Thompson

Woodward

.: Factors predictive of cytomegalovirus immune status in pregnant women. J Infect Dis. 1988;157:172-177.

39.

Taber

Frank

Yow

Bagley

. Acquisition of cytomegaloviral infections in families with young children: a serological study. J Infect Dis. 1985;151:948-952.

40.

Stagno

Cloud

Pass

Britt

Alford

. Factors associated with primary cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy. J Med Virol. 1984;13:347-353.

41.

Adler

Finney

Manganello

Best

.: Prevention of child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus among pregnant women. J Pediatr. 2004;145:485-491.

42.

Lim

Tan

. Awareness of and attitudes toward congenital cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in Singapore. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2012;117:268-272.

43.

Revello

Tibaldi

Masuelli

et al . Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. EBioMedicine. 2015;2:1205-1210.

44.

Jeon

Victor

Adler

et al . Knowledge and awareness of congenital cytomegalovirus among women. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006;2006:80383.

45.

Pereboom

Mannien

Spelten

Schellevis

Hutton

. Observational study to assess pregnant women’s knowledge and behaviour to prevent toxoplasmosis, listeriosis and cytomegalovirus. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13:98. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-13-98.

46.

Cannon

Westbrook

Levis

Schleiss

Thackeray

Pass

. Awareness of and behaviors related to child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus. Prev Med. 2012;54:351-357.

47.

Morioka

Sonoyama

Tairaku

et al . Awareness of and knowledge about mother-to-child infections in Japanese pregnant women. Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 2014;54:35-40.

48.

Willame

Blanchard-Rohner

Combescure

Irion

Posfay-Barbe

Martinez

Tejada

. Awareness of cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in Geneva, Switzerland: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12:15285-15297.

49.

Wizman

Lamarre

Coic

et al . Awareness of cytomegalovirus and risk factors for susceptibility among pregnant women, in Montreal, Canada. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16:54.

50.

Nigro

Adler

La Torre

Best

; Congenital Cytomegalovirus Collaborating Group. Passive immunization during pregnancy for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1350-1362.

51.

Revello

Lazzarotto

Guerra

et al . A randomized trial of hyperimmune globulin to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1316-1326.

52.

Buxmann

Stackelberg

Schlosser

et al . Use of cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin for prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus disease: a retrospective analysis. J Perinat Med. 2012;40:439-446.

53.

Hamprecht

Kagan

Goelz

. Hyperimmune globulin to prevent congenital CMV infection. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2543-2445.

54.

Nigro

Capretti

Manganello

Best

Adler

. Primary maternal cytomegalovirus infections during pregnancy: association of CMV hyperimmune globulin with gestational age at birth and birth weight. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28:168-171.

55.

Nigro

Adler

Parruti

et al . Immunoglobulin therapy of fetal cytomegalovirus infection occurring in the first half of pregnancy—a case-control study of the outcome in children. J Infect Dis. 2012;205:215-227.

56.

Visentin

Manara

Milanese

et al . Early primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: maternal hyperimmunoglobulin therapy improves outcomes among infants at 1 year of age. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55:497-503.

57.

Japanese Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Immunoglobulin Fetal Therapy Study Group. A trial of immunoglobulin fetal therapy for symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Reprod Immunol. 2012;95:73-79.

58.

Nigro

Adler

Gatta

et al . Fetal hyperechogenic bowel may indicate congenital cytomegalovirus disease responsive to immunoglobulin therapy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25:2202-2205.

59.

Alvarez-McLeod

Havlik

Drew

. Foscarnet treatment of genital infection due to acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 2 in a pregnant patient with AIDS: case report. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:937-938.

60.

Puliyanda

Silverman

Lehman

et al . Successful use of oral ganciclovir for the treatment of intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection in a renal allograft recipient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2005;7:71-74.

61.

Brandy

Schleiss

Witte

Siddiqi

Fame

. Placental transfer of ganciclovir in a woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:796-797.

62.

Miller

Howard

Goss

Mostello

Holcomb

Jr Brennan

. Renal transplantation one week after conception. Transplantation. 1995;60:1353-1354.

63.

Pescovitz

. Absence of teratogenicity of oral ganciclovir used during early pregnancy in a liver transplant recipient. Transplantation. 1999;67:758-759.

64.

Ratanajamit

Vinther Skriver

Jepsen

Chongsuvivatwong

Olsen

Sorensen

. Adverse pregnancy outcome in women exposed to acyclovir during pregnancy: a population-based observational study. Scand J Infect Dis. 2003;35:255-259.

65.

Wilton

Pearce

Martin

Mackay

Mann

. The outcomes of pregnancy in women exposed to newly marketed drugs in general practice in England. Br J Obstet Gyncaecol. 1998;105:882-889.

66.

Stone

Reiff-Eldridge

White

et al . Pregnancy outcomes following systemic prenatal acyclovir exposure: conclusions from the International Acyclovir Pregnancy Registry, 1984-1999. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2004;70:201-207.

67.

Jacquemard

Yamamoto

Costa

et al . Maternal administration of valaciclovir in symptomatic intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection. BJOG. 2007;114:1113-1121.

68.

James

Kimberlin

. Advances in the prevention and treatment of congenital CMV infection. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016;28:81-85. doi:10.1097/MOP.0000000000000305.

69.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM); Hughes

Gyamfi-Bannerman

. Diagnosis and antenatal management of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214:B5-B11. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.02.042.

70.

Khalil

Jones

Ville

. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: management update. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2017;30:274-280. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000368.

71.

Stefanovic

. Neonatological aspect of congenital cytomegalovirus infection—clinical study. J Matern Fetal Neonat Med. 2016;29(suppl 1):127.

72.

Gungor

Yumlu

Kundak

. CMV transmission in seropositive pregnancy caused worse effects than expected. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(suppl 1):157.

73.

Watt

Loughlin

Coyle

. Congenital CMV disease—A female bias in Northern Ireland? J Clin Virol. 2016;77:99-100. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.02.012.

74.

Kennedy

McCann

Campbell

et al . Language ability after early detection of permanent childhood hearing impairment. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2131-2141.

75.

Goderis

Keymeulen

Smets

et al . Hearing in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection: results of a longitudinal study. J Pediatr. 2016;172:110-115.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.01.024.

76.

Cannon

Griffiths

Aston

Rawlinson

. Universal newborn screening for congenital CMV infection: what is the evidence of potential benefit? Rev Med Virol. 2014;24:291-307.

77.

Williams

Gray

Luck

et al . First estimates of the potential cost and cost saving of protecting childhood hearing from damage caused by congenital CMV infection. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2015;100:F501-F506.

78.

Nishida

Morioka

Nakamachi

et al . Neurological outcomes in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus-infected infants after introduction of newborn urine screening and antiviral treatment. Brain Dev. 2016;38:209-216.

79.

Bergevin

Zick

McVicar

Park

. Cost-benefit analysis of targeted hearing directed early testing for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79:2090-2093.

80.

Gantt

Dionne

Kozak

et al . Cost-effectiveness of universal and targeted newborn screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170:1173-1180.

81.

Sorichetti

Goshen

Pauwels

et al . Symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection is underdiagnosed in British Columbia. J Pediatr. 2016;169:316-317. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.10.069.

82.

Boppana

Ross

Novak

et al . Dried blood spot real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to screen newborns for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. JAMA. 2010;303:1375-1382.

83.

Koontz

Baecher

Amin

Nikolova

Gallagher

Dollard

. Evaluation of DNA extraction methods for the detection of cytomegalovirus in dried blood spots. J Clin Virol. 2015;66:95-99.

84.

Yamamoto

Mussi-Pinhata

Marin

Brito

Oliveira

Coelho

. Is saliva as reliable as urine for detection of cytomegalovirus DNA for neonatal screening of congenital CMV infection? J Clin Virol. 2006;36:228-230.

85.

Boppana

Ross

Shimamura

et al . Saliva polymerase-chain-reaction assay for cytomegalovirus screening in newborns. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2111-2118.

86.

Hamprecht

Maschmann

Vochem

Dietz

Speer

Jahn

. Epidemiology of transmission of cytomegalovirus from mother to preterm infant by breastfeeding. Lancet. 2001;357:513-518.

87.

Dworsky

Yow

Stagno

Pass

Alford

. Cytomegalovirus infection of breast milk and transmission in infancy. Pediatrics. 1983;72:295-299.

88.

Koyano

Inoue

Nagamori

Moriuchi

Azuma

. Newborn screening of congenital cytomegalovirus infection using saliva can be influenced by breast feeding. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013;98:F182.

89.

Whitley

Cloud

Gruber

et al . Ganciclovir treatment of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection: results of a phase II study. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group. J Infect Dis. 1997;175:1080-1086.

90.

Kimberlin

Lin

Sanchez

et al . Effect of ganciclovir therapy on hearing in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease involving the central nervous system: a randomized, controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2003;143:16-25.

91.

Amir

Atias

Linder

Pardo

. Follow up of infants with congenital cytomegalovirus and normal fetal imaging. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2016;101:F428-F432. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-308357.

92.

Emery

Lazzarotto

. Cytomegalovirus in pregnancy and the neonate. F1000Res. 2017;6:138. doi:10.12688/f1000research.10276.1.

93.

Michaels

Greenberg

Sabo

Wald

. Treatment of children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection with ganciclovir. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:504-509.

94.

Tanaka-Kitajima

Sugaya

Futatani

et al . Ganciclovir therapy for congenital cytomegalovirus infection in six infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24:782-785.

95.

Nigro

Scholz

Bartmann

. Ganciclovir therapy for symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection in infants: a two-regimen experience. J Pediatr. 1994;124:318-322.

96.

Lackner

Acham

Alborno

et al . Effect on hearing of ganciclovir therapy for asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection: four to 10 year follow up. J Laryngol Otol. 2009;123:391-396.

97.

Lombardi

Garofoli

Villani

et al . Oral valganciclovir treatment in newborns with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009;28:1465-1470.

98.

del Rosal

Baquero-Artigao

Blazquez

et al . Treatment of symptomatic congenital omegalovirus infection beyond the neonatal period. J Clin Virol. 2012;55:72-74.

99.

Kimberlin

Jester

Sanchez

et al . Valganciclovir for symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:933-943.

100.

Bialas

Permar

. The march towards a vaccine for congenital CMV: a rationale and models. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12:e1005355. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005355.

101.

de Vries

van Zwet

Dekker

Kroes

Verkerk

Vossen

. The apparent paradox of maternal seropositivity as a risk factor for congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a population-based prediction model. Rev Med Virol. 2013;23:241-249.

102.

Caserta

. Congenital and perinatal cytomegalovirus infection (CMV). https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/infections-in-neonates/congenital-and-perinatal-cytomegalovirus-infection-cmv#v1090457. Accessed July 24, 2017.

103.

Wang

Zhang

et al . Cohort study on maternal cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and prevalence and clinical manifestations of congenital infection in China. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:e6007. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000006007.