BalkSJ; Council on Environmental Health; Section on Dermatology. Ultraviolet radiation: a hazard to children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2011;127:588-597.
3.
EganKMSignorelloLBMunroHMHargreavesMKHollisBWBlotWJ. Vitamin D insufficiency among African-Americans in the southeastern United States: implications for cancer disparities (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2008;19:527-535.
4.
JohnsonDDWagnerCLHulseyTCMcNeilRBEbelingMHollisBW. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is common during pregnancy. Am J Perinatol. 2011;28:7-12.
5.
BouillonRCarmelietGVerlindenL. Vitamin D and human health: lessons from vitamin D receptor null mice. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:726-776.
6.
DeLucaHF. Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(6 suppl):1689S-1696S.
7.
GlissonF. De Rachitide Sine Morbo Puerili qui vulgo The Rickets Dicitur tactatus. Adscitis in operis societam. Georgio Bate et Ahasuero Regemortero. London, G. Du-Gardi. 1650.
8.
SmerdonGT. Daniel Whistler and the English disease; a translation and biographical note. J Hist Med Allied Sci. 1950;5:397-415.
9.
FooteJA. Evidence of rickets prior to 1650. Am J Dis Child. 1927;34:443-52.
10.
TurnbullG. Canals, coal and regional growth during the industrial revolution. Econ Hist Rev. 1987;40:537-560.
11.
ParkEA. The etiology of rickets. Physiol Rev. 1923;3:106-163.
12.
McCollumEVSimmondsNBeckerJEShipleyPG. Studies on experimental rickets XXI: an experimental demonstration of the existence of a vitamin which promotes calcium deposition. J Biol Chem. 1922;53:293-312.
13.
HessAFAndersonWT. The anti-rachitic activity of monochromatic and regional ultraviolet radiations. J Am Med Assoc. 1927;89:1222-1225.
14.
SteenbockHBlackA. Fat soluble vitamins XVII: The induction of growth-promoting and calcifying properties in a ration by exposure to ultraviolet light. J Biol Chem. 1924;61:405-422.
15.
ViethR. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:842-856.
16.
Sunlight for babies. Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University, U. S. Department of Labor, Children’s Bureau, Folder No. 5; 1931.
17.
HessAFWindausA. Development of marked activity in ergosterol following ultraviolet irradiations. Proc Exp Biol Med. 1927;24:461-462.
18.
HuldschinskyK. Herlung von rachitis durch kunstliche hohensonne. Deutsch Med Wchnschr. 1923;45:712-713.
19.
PalmTA. The geographic distribution and etiology of rickets. Practitioner. 1890;45:270-279, 321-342.
20.
FeerE. The Diagnosis of Children’s Diseases. Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott; 1925.
21.
HuldschinskyK. Die Behandlung der Rachitis durch Ultraviolettbestrahlung. Ztachr f Orthop Chir. 1920;89:426-439.
22.
HessAF. Rickets Including Osteomalacia and Tetany. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1929.
23.
ChesneyRW. Vitamin D: can an upper limit be defined?J Nutr. 1989;119:1825-1828.
24.
GartnerLMGreerFR. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency: new guidelines for vitamin D intake. Pediatrics. 2003;111:908-910.
25.
GreerFRHollisBWNapoliJL. High concentrations of vitamin D2 in human milk associated with pharmacologic doses of vitamin D2. J Pediatr. 1984;105:61-64.
26.
WagnerCLHowardCHulseyTC. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in fully breastfed infants on oral vitamin d supplementation. Int J Endocrinol. 2010;2010:235035.
27.
WagnerCLHulseyTCFanningDEbelingMHollisBW. High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in a cohort of breastfeeding mothers and their infants: a 6-month follow-up pilot study. Breastfeed Med. 2006;1:59-70.
28.
HollisBWJohnsonDHulseyTCEbelingMWagnerCL. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: double-blind, randomized clinical trial of safety and effectiveness. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26:2341-2357.
29.
WagnerCLGreerFR. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2008;122:1142-1152.
30.
ChesneyRW. Modified vitamin D compounds in the treatment of certain bone diseases. In: SpillerGA, ed. Nutritional Pharmacology. New York, NY: Alan R. Liss; 1981:147-201.
31.
Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1997.
32.
HeaneyRPHolickMF. Why the IOM recommendations for vitamin D are deficient. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26:455-457.
33.
ReidIRAvenellA. Evidence-based policy on dietary calcium and vitamin D. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26:452-454.
34.
RothDE. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: safety considerations in the design and interpretation of clinical trials. J Perinatol. 2011;31:449-459.
35.
AnningSTDawsonJDolbyDE. The toxic effects of calciferol. Q J Med. 1948;17:203-228.
36.
HolickMF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266-281.
37.
JeansPCStearnsG. The effect of vitamin D on linear growth in infancy: II. The effects of intakes above 1800 USP daily. J Pediatr. 1938;13:730-741.
38.
StearnsGJeansPCVandearV. The effect of vitamin D on linear growth in infancy. J Pediatr. 1936;9:1-19.
39.
FomonSJYounoszaiMKThomasLN. Influence of vitamin D on linear growth of normal full-term infants. J Nutr. 1966;88:345-350.
40.
HypponenEFararoueiMSovioU. High-dose vitamin D supplements are not associated with linear growth in a large Finnish cohort. J Nutr. 2011;141:843-848.
41.
ChesneyRW. Vitamin D and the magic mountain: the anti-infectious role of the vitamin. J Pediatr. 2010;156:698-703.
42.
DongYStallmann-JorgensenISPollockNK. A 16-week randomized clinical trial of 2000 international units daily vitamin D3 supplementation in black youth: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, adiposity, and arterial stiffness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:4584-4591.
43.
McCulloughMLBostickRMDanielCR. Vitamin D status and impact of vitamin D3 and/or calcium supplementation in a randomized pilot study in the Southeastern United States. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009;28:678-686.
44.
RovnerAJO’BrienKO. Hypovitaminosis D among healthy children in the United States: a review of the current evidence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162:513-519.
45.
WichertsISBoekeAJvan der MeerIMvan SchoorNMKnolDLLipsP. Sunlight exposure or vitamin D supplementation for vitamin D-deficient non-Western immigrants: a randomized clinical trial. Osteoporos Int. 2010;22:873-882.
46.
MansonJEMayneSTClintonSK. Vitamin D and prevention of cancer: ready for prime time?N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1385-1387.
47.
LimHWGilchrestBACooperKD. Sunlight, tanning booths, and vitamin D. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:868-876.
48.
WalkerVPModlinRL. The vitamin D connection to pediatric infections and immune function. Pediatr Res. 2009;65(5pt 2):106R-113R.
49.
FlinnMWStokerD. The History of the British Coal Industry: Volume 2: 1700-1830–The Industrial Revolution. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press; 1984.
50.
HatcherJ. The History of the British Coal Industry: Volume 1: Before 1700–Towards the Age of Coal. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1993.