There were 65 third-year medical students and 59 pediatric residents who participated. The intervention was a 40-minute multimedia program that teaches how to counsel parents about childhood aggression. Comparing pre- and 2-month postintervention data, there was an increase in the proportion of medical students (11% pre vs 92% post; P < .001) and residents (3% pre vs 95% post; P < .001) who felt that their ability to counsel parents about hurtful behavior was high or very high. Compared with baseline, a higher proportion of trainees at the 2-month follow-up recommended redirecting (11% pre vs 69% post; P < .001), promoting empathy (13% pre vs 42% post; P < .001), and not using physical punishment (25% pre vs 50% post; P < .001). A brief, independently viewed curriculum addition expanded the repertoire of health care trainees related to counseling parents about childhood aggression. These findings have implications for violence prevention.
Meddings DR, Knox LM, Maddaleno M., Concha-Eastman A., Hoffman JSWorld Health Organization's TEACH-VIP: contributing to capacity building for youth violence prevention. Am J Prev Med. 2005;29(5 Suppl 2):259-265.
2.
World Health Organization.World report on violence and health. Geneva, Switzerland, 2002. http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/ . Published October 3, 2002. Accessed May 14, 2008.
3.
Sidelinger DE , Guerrero AP, Rodríguez-Frau M., Mirabal-Colón B.Training healthcare professionals in youth violence prevention: an overview. Am J Prev Med. 2005;29(5 Suppl 2):200-205.
4.
The role of the pediatrician in youth violence prevention in clinical practice and at the community level. American Academy of Pediatrics Task force on violence. Pediatrics. 1999;103:173-181.
5.
Abraham A., Cheng TL, Wright JL, Addlestone I., Huang Z., Greenberg L.Assessing an educational intervention to improve physician violence-screening skills. Pediatrics. 2001;107(5):E68.
6.
Johnson CD, Fein JA, Campbell C., Ginsburg KRViolence prevention in the primary care setting: a program for pediatric residents . Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153(5):531-5.
7.
Abraham A., Cheng TL, Wright JL, Addlestone I., Huang Z., Greenberg L.Assessing an educational intervention to improve physician violence screening skills. Pediatrics. 2001;107(5):E68.
8.
Knox LM, Spivak H.What health professionals should know: core competencies for effective practice in youth violence prevention.Am J Prev Med. 2005;29(5 Suppl 2):191-199.
9.
Meyer AL, Masho SWA youth violence prevention curriculum for public health students. Am J Prev Med. 2005;29(5 Suppl 2):240-246.
10.
Villaveces A., Kammeyer JA, Bencevic H.Injury prevention education in medical schools: an international survey of medical students. Inj Prev. 2005;11(6):343-347.
Scholer S.Play Nicely CD-ROM: Recommendations for Managing Aggression in Young Children . 2nd Edition. Nashville, Tenn: Vanderbilt University; 2005. Available at http://www.playnicely.org/.
13.
Olweus D.Stability of aggressive reaction patterns in males: a review. Psychol Bull. 1979;86:852-875.
14.
Moffitt T., Caspi A., Dickson N., Silva P., Stanton W.Childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset antisocial conduct problems in males: natural history from ages 3 to 18 years. Dev Psychopathol . 1996;97:399-424.
15.
Campbell S.Hard-to-manage preschool boys: externalizing behavior, social competence, and family context at 2-year follow-up. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1994;22:147-166.
16.
Broidy LM, Nagin DS, Tremblay RE, et al. Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency: a 6-site, cross-national study. Dev Psychol. 2003;39(2):222-245.
17.
Shaw D., Keenan K., Vondra J.Developmental precursors of externalizing behavior: ages 1 to 3. Dev Psychol. 1994;30:355-364.
18.
Shaw D., Owens E., Giovannelli J., Winslow E.Infant and toddler pathways leading to early externalizing disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40(1):36-43.
19.
Tremblay RE , Boivin M., Zoccolillo M., Montplaisir J.The search for the age of "onset" of physical aggression: Rousseau and Bandura revisited. Crim Behav Ment Health. 1999;9:8-23.
20.
Tremblay REPrevention of injury by early socialization of aggressive behavior. Inj Prev.2002;8 Suppl 4:IV17-21. Review.
21.
Tremblay RE , Nagin DS, Seguin JR, et al. Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors. Pediatrics. 2004 ;114(1):e43-e50.
22.
Patterson GR , Debaryshe BD, Ramsey E.A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. Am Psychol. 1989;44(2):329-335.
23.
Reid JB, Patterson GR, Snyder J.Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2002:195-201.
24.
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health.Guidelines for effective discipline. Pediatrics. 1998 ;101: 723-728.
25.
Scholer SJ, Patterson B., Nix RLGaps in pediatricians' advice to parents regarding early childhood aggression . Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2006;45(1):23-28.
26.
McCormick KFAttitudes of primary care physicians toward corporal punishment. JAMA. 1992;267(23): 3161-3165.
27.
Scholer SJ, Mukherjee AB, Gibbs KI, Memon SS, Jongeward KLParents view a brief violence prevention program in clinic. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2007;46(8): 724-734.
28.
Scholer SJ, Cherry R., Garrard H., Gupta AO, Mace R., White N.A multimedia program helps parents manage childhood aggression. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2006;45: 835-840.
29.
Scholer SJ, Walkowski C., Bickman L.Voluntary versus required viewing of a violence prevention program in clinic . Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2008;47(5):461-468.
30.
Scholer SJ, Goad S.Feedback on a multimedia violence prevention program. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2003;42(9): 789-796.
31.
Scholer SJ, Reich SM, Boshers RB, Bickman L.A multimedia violence-prevention program increases pediatric residents' and childcare providers' knowledge about responding to childhood aggression. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2005;44(5);413-418.
32.
Straus MS, Sugarman DB, Giles-Sims J.Spanking by parents and subsequent antisocial behavior of children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151:761-767.
33.
Olson LM, Inkelas M., Halfon N., Schuster MA, O'Connor KG, Mistry R.Overview of the content of health supervision for young children: reports from parents and pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2004;113(6 Suppl):1907-1916.
34.
Busey SL, Kinyoun-Webb C., Martin-McKay J., Mao J.Perceptions of inner city parents about early behavioral and violence prevention counseling. Patient Educ Couns. 2006;64(1-3):191-196.
Schuster MA , Duan N., Regalado M., Klein DJAnticipatory guidance: what information do parents receive? What information do they want?Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154(12):1191-1198.
37.
Barkin S., Ryan G., Gelberg L.What pediatricians can do to further youth violence prevention-a qualitative study. Inj Prev. 1999;5(1):53-58.
38.
Cheng TL, DeWitt TG, Savageau JA, O'Connor KGDeterminants of counseling in primary care pediatric practice: physician attitudes about time, money, and health issues. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999; 153(6):629-635.
39.
Connected Kids.Teaching Good Behavior: Tips on Discipline. Elk Grove Village, Ill: The American Academy of Pediatrics; 2005. http://www.aap.org/ConnectedKids/samples/teachingbehavior.htm , Accessed May 14, 2008.
40.
Raising Children to Resist Violence. American Academy of Pediatrics and American Psychological Association, 1995. http://www.apa.org/pi/raisingchildren.html. Accessed May 14, 2008.
41.
Accreditation Criteria and Procedures of the National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1998 edition. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children; 1998:19-68.
42.
Time Out for Time-Out. National Association for the Education of Young Children. http://www.naeyc.org/ece/1996/15.asp . Accessed May 14 13,2008.
