Stepwise Approach to Topical Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis

Paller AS , Mancini AJ Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders ; 2006:49-80.

Feldman S. , Behnam SM , Behnam SE , Koo, JY Involving the patient: impact of inflammatory skin disease and patient-focused care. J AmAcad Dermatol. 2005;53(suppl): S78-S85.

Eichenfield LF , Hanifin JM , Luger TA , Stevens SR , Pride HB Consensus conference on pediatric atopic dermatitis . J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:1088-1095.

Hengge UR , Ruzicka T. , Schwartz RA , Cork MJ Adverse effects of topical glucocorticosteroids. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:1-15.

Schachner LA , Lamerson C. , Sheehan MP , et al. Tacrolimus ointment 0.03% is safe and effective for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients: results from a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. Pediatrics . 2005;116:e334-e342.

Eichenfield LF , Lucky AW , Boguniewicz M. , et al. Safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus (ASM 981) cream 1% in the treatment of mild and moderate atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46: 495-504.

Protopic prescribing information [package insert]. Astellas Pharma US, Inc. http://www.protopic.com. Accessed April 17, 2007.

Elidel prescribing information [package insert]. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. http://www.elidel.com. Accessed April 17, 2007.

Hanifin JM , Hebert AA , Mays SR , et al. Effects of a low-potency corticosteroid lotion plus a moisturizing regimen in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1998;59:227-233.

Lucky AW , Leach AD , Laskarzewski P. , Wenck H. Use of an emollient as a steroid-sparing agent in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children. Pediatr Dermatol. 1997;14:321-324.

Chamlin SL , Kao J. , Frieden IF , et al. Ceramidedominant barrier repair lipids alleviate childhood atopic dermatitis: changes in barrier function provide a sensitive indicator of disease activity. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47:198-208.

Hanifin JM , Cooper KD , Ho VC , et al. Guidelines of care for atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50:391-404.

Singh G. , Singh PK Tachyphylaxis to topical steroid measured by histamine-induced wheal suppression . Int J Dermatol. 1986;25:324-326.

Singh S. , Gupta A. , Pandey SS , Singh G. Tachyphylaxis to histamine-induced wheal suppression by topical 0.05% clobetasol propionate in normal versus croton oil-induced dermatitic skin. Dermatology. 1996;193:121-123.

Feldman SR Tachyphylaxis to topical corticosteroids: the more you use them, the less they work? Clin Dermatol. 2006;24:229-230.

Nakahara T. , Koga T. , Fukagawa S. , Uchi H. , Furue M. Intermittent topical corticosteroid/tacrolimus sequential therapy improves lichenification and chronic papules more efficiently than intermittent topical corticosteroid/ emollient sequential therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;31:524-528.

Paller AS , Lebwohl M. , Fleischer AB Jr , et al. Tacrolimus ointment is more effective than pimecrolimus cream with a similar safety profile in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: results from 3 randomized, comparative studies. J Am Acad Dermatol . 2005;52:810-822.

Hanifin JM , Paller AS , Eichenfield L. , et al. Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment treatment for up to 4 years in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol . 2005;53:S186-S194.

Papp KA , Werfel T. , Fölster-Holst R. , et al. Long-term control of atopic dermatitis with pimecrolimus cream 1% in infants and young children: a two-year study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:240-246.

Ho VC , Gupta A. , Kaufmann R. , et al. Safety and efficacy of nonsteroid pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in infants. J Pediatr. 2003;142:155-162.

Patel RP , Vander Straten MR , Korman NJ The safety and efficacy of tacrolimus therapy in patients younger than 2 years with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol. 2003 ; 139:1184-1186.