This report describes a case of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in a 19-year-old male patient with an initial diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess. As the number of children receiving transplants continues to increase, the pediatrician must become familiar with the possible presentations of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease and at least consider it as a diagnosis in any ill child under long-term treatment with immunosuppressive agents. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, evaluation, prognosis, and treatment of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease are reviewed for the primary care pediatrician.
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