Vaccine Refusal: Issues for the Primary Care Physician

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Achievements in public health, 1990-1999: impact of vaccines universally recommended for children—United States, 1990-1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:243-248.

Fox S , Fallows D. Internet health resources. Pew Internet and American Life Project 2003: http://www.pewInternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Health_Report_July_2003.pdf (accessed June 13, 2005).

Davies P , Chapman S , Leask J. Antivacccination activists on the World Wide Web. Arch Dis Child. 2002;87:22-25.

Wolfe RM , Sharp LK , Lipsky MS. Content and design attributes of antivaccination Web sites. JAMA. 2002;287: 3245-3248.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Pertussis vaccination: use of acellular vaccine among infants and young children: recommendation of the Advisory Committee of Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997;46;46(RR- 7):1-25.

National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program . Monthly statistics report. Available from http://www.hrsa.gov/osp/vicp/monthly.htm.

Wakefield AJ , Murch SH , Anthony A , et al. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyper-plasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet. 1998;351:637-641.

Taylor B , Miller E , Farrington CP , et al. Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association. Lancet. 1999;353:2026-2029.

Dales L , Hammer SJ , Smith NJ. Time trends in autism and in MMR immunization coverage in California. JAMA. 2001;285(9):1183-1185.

Kaye JA , del Mar Melero-Montes M , Jick H. Mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners: a time trend analysis. BMJ. 2001;322: 460-463.

Taylor B , Miller E , Lingam R , et al. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: population study. BMJ. 2002;324:393-396.

Institute of Medicine . Immunization Safety Review: Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Autism. Washington, DC: National Academics Press; 2001.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Notice to Readers: Thimerosal in vaccines: a joint statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Public Health Service. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;46:780-782.

Institute of Medicine . Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autism. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2004.

Offit PA , Jew RK. Addressing parents’ concerns: do vaccines contain harmful preservatives, adjuvants, additives, or residuals? Pediatrics. 2003;112:1394-1401.

Ball LK , Evans G , Nostrom A. Risky business: challenges in vaccine risk communication. Pediatrics. 1998;101: 453-458.

www.cispimmunize.org/pro/pro_main.html. Accessed June 8, 2005.

Hershey JC , Asch DA , Thumasathit T , et al. The roles of altruism, free riding and bandwagoning in vaccination decisions. Org Behav Hum Decis Processes. 1994;59:177-187.

Dare T. Mass immunisation programmes: some philosophical issues. Bioethics. 1998;12:125-149.

Wood-Harper J. Informing education policy on MMR: balancing individual freedoms and collective responsibilities for the promotion of public health. Nurs Ethics. 2005; 12:43-58.