Pearl PL. Sleep problems, stimulants, and ADHD: true, true, unrelated? Sleep Med. 2003;4:271-272.
2.
Corkum P, Tannock R, Moldofsky H. Sleep disturbances in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998;37:637-646.
3.
Ball JD, Koloian B. Sleep patterns among ADHD children. Clin Psychol Rev. 1995;15:681-691.
4.
Brown TE, Modestino EJ. Attention-deficit disorders with sleep/arousal disturbances. In: Brown, ed. Attention Deficit Disorders and Comorbidities in Children, Adolescents and Adults. Washington, DC; American Psychiatric Press; 2000:341-362.
5.
Corkum P. Sleep problems in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In: Stores G, Wiggs L, eds. Sleep Disturbance in Children and Adolescents with Disorders of Development: Its Significance and Management. London; Mac Keith Press; 2001:174-180.
6.
American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed.Washington, DC: APA; 1994.
7.
Lorenzo JL, Barbanoj MJ. Variability of sleep parameters across multiple laboratory sessions in healthy young subjects: the “very first night effect.”Psychophysiology. 2002;39:409-413.
8.
Riedel BW, Winfield CF, Lichstein KL. First night effect and reverse first night effect in older adults with primary insomnia: does anxiety play a role? Sleep Medicine. 2001;2:125-133.
9.
Sadeh A, Lavie P, Scher A, et al.Actigraphic home-monitoring sleep-disturbed and control infants and young children: a new method for pediatric assessment of sleep-wake patterns. Pediatrics. 1991;87:494-499.
10.
Sadeh A, Sharkey KM, Carskadon MA. Activity-based sleep-wake identification: an empirical test of methodological issues. Sleep. 1994;17:201-207.
11.
Sadeh A, Hauri PJ, Kripke DF, Lavie P. The role of actigraphy in the evaluation of sleep disorders. Sleep. 1995;18:288-302.
12.
Webster JB, Kripke DF, Messin S, et al.An activity-based sleep monitor system for ambulatory use. Sleep. 1982;5:389-399.
13.
Mullaney DJ, Kripke DF, Messin S. Wrist-actigraphic estimation of sleep time. Sleep. 1980;3:83-92.
14.
Hauri PJ, Wisbey J. Wrist actigraphy in insomnia. Sleep. 1992;15:293-301.
15.
Kushida CA, Chang A, Gadkary C, et al.Comparison of actigraphic, polysomnographic, and subjective assessment of sleep parameters in sleep-disordered patients. Sleep Med. 2001;2:389-396.
16.
Jean-Louis G, Mendlowicz MV, Gillin JC, et al.Sleep estimation from wrist activity in patients with major depression. Physiol Behav. 2000;70:49-53.
17.
Means MK, Edinger JD, Glenn DM, Fins AI. Accuracy of sleep perceptions among insomnia sufferers and normal sleepers. Sleep Med. 2003;4:285-296.
18.
Gottlieb DJ, Vezina RM, Chase C, et al.Symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in 5-year-old children are associated with sleepiness and problem behaviors. Pediatrics. 2003;112:870-877.
19.
O’Brien LM, Holbrook CR, Mervis CB, et al.Sleep and neurobehavioral characteristics of 5- to 7-year-old children with parentally reported symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2003;111:554-563.
20.
Urschitz MS, Guenther A, Eggebrecht E, et al.Snoring, intermittent hypoxia and academic performance in primary school children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:464-468.
21.
Chervin RD, Archbold KH, Dillon JE, et al.Associations between symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, restless legs, and periodic leg movements. Sleep. 2002;25:213-218.
22.
Chervin RD, Archbold KH. Hyperactivity and polysomnographic findings in children evaluated for sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep. 2001;24:313-320.
23.
Owens JA, Maxim R, Nobile C, et al.Parental and self-report of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:549-555.
24.
Corkum P, Moldofsky H, Hogg-Johnson S, et al.Sleep problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: impact of subtype, comorbidity, and stimulant medication. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38:1285-1293.
25.
Day HD, Abmayr SB. Parent reports of sleep disturbances in stimulant-medicated children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychol. 1998;54:701-716.
26.
Stein MA. Unravelling sleep problems in treated and untreated children with ADHD. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 1999;9:157-168.
27.
Chervin RD, Dillon JE, Bassetti C, et al.Symptoms of sleep disorders, inattention, and hyperactivity in children. Sleep. 1997;20:1185-1192.
28.
Crabtree VM, Ivanenko A, Gozal D. Clinical and parental assessment of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder referred to a pediatric sleep medicine center. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2003;42:807-813.
29.
O’Brien LM, Ivanenko A, Crabtree VM, et al.The effect of stimulants on sleep characteristics in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep Med. 2003;4:309-316.
30.
Kirov R, Kinkelbur J, Heipke S, et al.Is there a specific polysomnographic sleep pattern in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? J Sleep Res. 2004;13:87-93.
31.
Clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatrics. 2002;109:704-712.
32.
Ali NJ, Pitson D, Stradling JR. Sleep disordered breathing: effects of adenotonsillectomy on behaviour and psychological functioning. Eur J Pediatr. 1996;155:56-62.
33.
Goldstein NA, Post JC, Rosenfeld RM, Campbell TF. Impact of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy on child behavior. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;126:494-498.
34.
Owens J, Spirito A, Marcotte A, et al.Neuropsychological and behavioral correlates of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children: a preliminary study. Sleep Breath. 2000;4:67-78.
35.
Johnstone SJ, Tardif HP, Barry RJ, Sands T. Nasal bilevel positive airway pressure therapy in children with a sleep-related breathing disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects on electrophysiological measures of brain function. Sleep Med. 2001;2:407-416.
36.
Naseem S, Chaudhary B, Collop N. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults and obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 2001;119:294-296.
37.
American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed.Washington, DC: APA; 1980.
38.
O’Brien LM, Ivanenko A, Crabtree VM, et al.Sleep disturbances in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Res. 2003;54:237-243.
39.
Smedje H, Broman JE, Hetta J. Associations between disturbed sleep and behavioural difficulties in 635 children aged six to eight years: a study based on parents’ perceptions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;10:1-9.
40.
Dagan Y, Zeevi-Luria S, Sever Y, et al.Sleep quality in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an actigraphic study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997;51:383-386.
41.
Konofal E, Lecendreux M, Bouvard MP, Mouren-Simeoni MC. High levels of nocturnal activity in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a video analysis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001;55:97-103.
42.
Crabtree VM, Ivanenko A, O’Brien LM, Gozal D. Periodic limb movement disorder of sleep in children. J Sleep Res. 2003;12:73-81.
43.
Picchietti DL, England SJ, Walters AS, et al.Periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Neurol. 1998;13:588-594.
44.
Picchietti DL, Underwood DJ, Farris WA, et al.Further studies on periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mov Disord. 1999;14:1000-1007.
45.
Chervin RD, Archbold KH, Dillon JE, et al.Associations between symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, restless legs, and periodic leg movements. Sleep. 2002;25:213-218.
46.
Stiasny K, Oertel WH, Trenkwalder C. Clinical symptomatology and treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep Med Rev. 2002;6:253-265.
47.
Chesson AL Jr, Wise M, Davila D, et al.Practice parameters for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Report. Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep. 1999;22:961-968.
48.
Walters AS, Mandelbaum DE, Lewin DS, et al.Dopaminergic therapy in children with restless legs/periodic limb movements in sleep and ADHD. Dopaminergic Therapy Study Group. Pediatr Neurol. 2000;22:182-186.
49.
Hellriegel ET, Arora S, Nelson M, Robertson P Jr. Steady-state pharmacokinetics and tolerability of modafinil given alone or in combination with methylphenidate in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001;41:895-904.
50.
Mick E, Biederman J, Jetton J, Faraone SV. Sleep disturbances associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the impact of psychiatric comorbidity and pharmacotherapy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2000;10:223-231.
51.
Ring A, Stein D, Barak Y, et al.Sleep disturbances in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a comparative study with healthy siblings. J Learn Disabil. 1998;31:572-578.
52.
Corkum P, Tannock R, Moldofsky H, et al.Actigraphy and parental ratings of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sleep. 2001;24:303-312.
53.
Gruber R, Sadeh A, Raviv A. Instability of sleep patterns in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39:495-501.
54.
Lecendreux M, Konofal E, Bouvard M, et al.Sleep and alertness in children with ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2000;41:803-812.
55.
Gruber R, Sadeh A. Sleep and neurobehavioral functioning in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and no reported breathing problems. Sleep. 2004;27:267-273.
56.
Owens JA, Rosen CL, Mindell JA. Medication use in the treatment of pediatric insomnia: results of a survey of community-based pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2003;111:e628-e635.
57.
Ahmann PA, Waltonen SJ, Olson KA, et al.Placebo-controlled evaluation of Ritalin side effects. Pediatrics. 1993;91:1101-1106.
58.
Barkley RA, McMurray MB, Edelbrock CS, Robbins K. Side effects of methylphenidate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systemic, placebo-controlled evaluation. Pediatrics. 1990;86:184-192.
59.
Stein MA, Sarampote CS, Waldman ID, et al.A dose-response study of OROS methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2003;112:e404.
60.
Tirosh E, Sadeh A, Munvez R, Lavie P. Effects of methylphenidate on sleep in children with attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder. An activity monitor study. Am J Dis Child. 1993;147:1313-1315.
61.
Tjon Pian Gi CV, Broeren JP, Starreveld JS, Versteegh FG. Melatonin for treatment of sleeping disorders in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a preliminary open label study. Eur J Pediatr. 2003;162:554-555.
62.
Golan N, Shahar E, Ravid S, Pillar G. Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness in children with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder. Sleep. 2004;27:261-266.
63.
Voderholzer U, Al Shajlawi A, Weske G, et al.Are there gender differences in objective and subjective sleep measures? A study of insomniacs and healthy controls. Depress Anxiety. 2003;17:162-172.
64.
Collier J, Butler RJ, Redsell SA, Evans JH. An investigation of the impact of nocturnal enuresis on children’s self-concept. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2002;36:204-208.
65.
Butler RJ. Impact of nocturnal enuresis on children and young people. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2001;35:169-176.
66.
Mikkelsen EJ, Rapoport JL, Nee L, et al.Childhood enuresis. I. Sleep patterns and psychopathology. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1980;37:1139-1144.
67.
Robson WL, Jackson HP, Blackhurst D, Leung AK. Enuresis in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. South Med J. 1997;90:503-505.
68.
Rey JM, Bird KD, Hensley VR. Bedwetting and psychopathology in adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health. 1995;31:508-512.
69.
Biederman J, Santangelo SL, Faraone SV, et al.Clinical correlates of enuresis in ADHD and non-ADHD children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1995;36:865-877.
70.
Butler RJ, Galsworthy MJ, Rijsdijk F, Plomin R. Genetic and gender influences on nocturnal bladder control—a study of 2,900 3-year-old twin pairs. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2001;35:177-183.
71.
Eiberg H, Shaumburg HL, Von Gontard A, Rittig S. Linkage study of a large Danish 4-generation family with urge incontinence and nocturnal enuresis. J Urol. 2001;166:2401-2403.
72.
Von Gontard A, Eiberg H, Hollmann E, et al.Molecular genetics of nocturnal enuresis: clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Acta Paediatr. 1998;87:571-578.
73.
Martin N, Scourfield J, McGuffin P. Observer effects and heritability of childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;180:260-265.
74.
Kuntsi J, Stevenson J. Psychological mechanisms in hyperactivity: II. The role of genetic factors. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;42:211-219.
75.
Todd RD, Rasmussen ER, Neuman RJ, et al.Familiality and heritability of subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a population sample of adolescent female twins. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:1891-1898.
76.
Bailey JN, Ornitz EM, Gehricke JG, et al.Transmission of primary nocturnal enuresis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Acta Paediatr. 1999;88:1364-1368.
77.
Von Gontard A, Mauer-Mucke K, Pluck J, et al.Clinical behavioral problems in day- and night-wetting children. Pediatr Nephrol. 1999;13:662-667.
78.
Chervin RD, Archbold KH, Dillon JE, et al.Inattention, hyperactivity, and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing. Pediatrics. 2002;109:449-456.
79.
Marcotte AC, Thacher PV, Butters M, et al.Parental report of sleep problems in children with attentional and learning disorders. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1998;19:178-186.
80.
Saarenpaa-Heikkila O, Laippala P, Koivikko M. Subjective daytime sleepiness in schoolchildren. Fam Pract. 2000;17:129-133.
81.
Brown TE, McMullen WJ Jr. Attention deficit disorders and sleep/arousal disturbance. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;931:271-286.
82.
Berger A, Posner MI. Pathologies of brain attentional networks. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000;24:3-5.
83.
Barkley RA. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull. 1997;121:65-94.
84.
Weinberg WA, Harper CR. Vigilance and its disorders. Neurol Clin. 1993;11:59-78.
85.
Weinberg WA, Brumback RA. Primary disorder of vigilance: a novel explanation of inattentiveness, daydreaming, boredom, restlessness, and sleepiness. J Pediatr. 1990;116:720-725.
86.
Olfson M, Gameroff MJ, Marcus SC, Jensen PS. National trends in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:1071-1077.
87.
Smits MG, Nagtegaal EE, van der Heijden J, et al.Melatonin for chronic sleep onset insomnia in children: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol. 2001;16:86-92.
88.
Ramos Platon MJ, Vela BA, Espinar SJ, Kales S. Hypnopolygraphic alterations in attention deficit disorder (ADD) children. Int J Neurosci. 1990;53:87-101.
89.
Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, et al.Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med. 2003;4:101-119.
90.
Walters AS. Toward a better definition of the restless legs syndrome. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Mov Disord. 1995;10:634-642.
91.
Farber JM. Clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatrics. 2002;110:1255-1257.
92.
Stoohs RA, Blum HC, Suh BY, Guilleminault C. Misinterpretation of sleep-breathing disorder by periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep Breath. 2001;5:131-137.
93.
Mindell JA. Insomnia in children and adolescents. In: Szuba MP, Kloss JD, Dinges DF, eds. Insomnia Principles and Management. 1st ed.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2003: 125-135.
94.
Chesson A Jr, Hartse K, Anderson WM, et al.Practice parameters for the evaluation of chronic insomnia. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep. 2000;23:237-241.
95.
Hoban TF, Chervin RD. Assessment of sleepiness in children. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2001;8:216-228.
96.
Challamel M-J, Cochat P. Enuresis: pathophysiology and treatment. Sleep Med Rev. 1999;3:313-324.
97.
Neveus T. The role of sleep and arousal in nocturnal enuresis. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:1118-1123.