Traditionally scientists have looked at agriculture merely as a production system. It is only in recent times when issues of sustainability have been regularly cropping up, that there is a paradigm shift. There is now an attempt to look at agriculture also as an ecological system. India and China are two large rapidly industrializing countries that have a large and heterogeneous population load to carry. India and China are also very ancient agricultural countries with a long and rich tradition of natural resource conservation linked sustainable management of agriculture. There is a need for linking cultural diversity with biological diversity, so rich in the India-China context, as the basis for sustainable management of natural resources, leading towards human wellbeing, and thus contributing towards human security.
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